Tyre Pyrolysis Glossary

A 14 terms

A-weighted scale (A-weighting, dB(A)) — The A-weighted scale, written dB(A), is a frequency weighting applied to sound measurements so they reflect how the…
acoustic enclosure (acoustic hood, sound enclosure) — An acoustic enclosure is a sound-insulating structure built around noisy equipment, most commonly a diesel generator…
Adsorption — A surface phenomenon where molecules from a gas or liquid bind to the surface of a solid material without penetrating…
aggregator (scrap aggregator (in waste context), waste aggregator) — In India's waste sector, an aggregator is an intermediary that consolidates dry recyclables from multiple kabadiwalas…
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (Air Act, Air Act 1981) — The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 is the central Indian law that established the framework for…
Air Act (Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Air Pollution Act India) — The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 is India's primary law for controlling industrial air…
alternator (AC generator, genset alternator) — An alternator is the electrical machine that converts the mechanical rotation of an engine into alternating-current…
Ambient Air Quality (ambient air, AAQ) — Ambient air quality is the quality of air in the open environment that people, plants and animals actually breathe in…
ambient noise standards (ambient noise standard, noise standards) — Ambient noise standards are the legal maximum noise levels, measured in dB(A), that an area must stay within. In…
Annual Maintenance Contracts (AMCs) (Annual Maintenance Contracts (AMCs), AMC) — An Annual Maintenance Contract (AMC) is a yearly service agreement between a plant operator and an equipment supplier…
Anode Bake Oven (anode baking furnace, anode bake furnace) — An anode bake oven is a furnace in aluminium smelters that bakes carbon-paste anodes to harden them. It emits…
Asbestos (asbestos fibres, asbestos dust) — Asbestos is a banned fibrous mineral once used in insulation and roofing; inhaling its fibres causes mesothelioma and…
ASME (ASME, American Society of Mechanical Engineers) — American Society of Mechanical Engineers — the professional body that publishes widely adopted codes and standards…
austenitic stainless steel (300-series stainless steel) — The most widely used family of stainless steels, characterised by a face-centred cubic crystal structure,…

B 11 terms

Bagasse (sugarcane bagasse, bagasse fuel) — Bagasse is the fibrous residue left after crushing sugarcane to extract juice. It is widely used as a renewable…
baghouse (baghouse, baghouse filter) — A dust collector that filters process air through fabric bags or cartridges, capturing fine particulate matter…
Bank Guarantee (bank guarantee, BG) — A written commitment from a bank to pay a regulator a specified sum if the industrial unit fails to meet a consent…
BAT (best available technology, best available techniques) — BAT stands for Best Available Technology — the most effective and practical treatment methods available that can…
Benzene (C6H6, benzol) — Benzene (C₆H₆) is a volatile aromatic hydrocarbon and known human carcinogen released from refining, fuel handling…
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP, benzo[a]pyrene) — Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formed by incomplete combustion of organic matter and…
Best Available Technology (BAT, best available techniques) — Best Available Technology (BAT) is the most effective and practical treatment method available that can achieve…
BOD (BOD, BOD5) — BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) is the amount of dissolved oxygen consumed by microorganisms when decomposing organic…
Boilers and Furnaces (industrial boiler, fire tube boiler) — A closed pressure vessel in which water is heated to produce steam or hot water for space heating, process heating,…
break-even utilisation (break-even capacity utilisation, minimum viable utilisation) — Break-even utilisation is the minimum percentage of installed capacity at which a recycling plant's total revenue…
Cyclic / batch (batch pyrolysis, continuous pyrolysis) — The two principal pyrolysis operating modes: batch processes one fixed load per cycle (6–12 hrs) while continuous…

C 27 terms

CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate, compounded annual growth rate) — CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) is the rate at which an investment, revenue, or market grows from an initial value…
Calcination (calcining, calcine) — Calcination is the thermal treatment that drives off volatile or chemically combined moisture and CO₂ from minerals…
Calorific Value (CV, GCV) — Heat energy released per unit of fuel when fully burned. Expressed as Gross Calorific Value (GCV) or Net Calorific…
CAPEX (Capital Expenditure, capital cost) — CAPEX (Capital Expenditure) refers to the one-time upfront investments required to acquire or build long-term assets…
Capital Cost (CAPEX) (Capital Cost (CAPEX), CAPEX) — CAPEX (Capital Expenditure) is the total upfront investment required to acquire, build, or upgrade physical assets —…
carbon credits (carbon credit, CER) — Carbon credits are tradeable permits representing one tonne of CO2 equivalent emissions avoided or removed, providing…
Carbon Monoxide (Carbon Monoxide, CO) — A colourless, odourless, tasteless toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels. Carbon…
Category A (Category A, Category A project) — The highest-impact EIA project classification under India's EIA Notification, 2006. Category A projects require…
CE (CE, CE marking) — Conformité Européenne — a mandatory product safety mark for goods sold in the European Economic Area. Equipment…
CEMS (CEMS, CEMS meaning) — CEMS (Continuous Emission Monitoring System) is sensor equipment installed on industrial stacks to continuously…
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB, Central PCB) — CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) is India's apex environmental regulator, established under the Water Act 1974,…
Centrifugal pump (Centrifugal pump, centrifugal water pump) — A pump that uses a rotating impeller to add velocity to fluid, converting that velocity to pressure in the volute…
CGTMSE (Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises, credit guarantee scheme) — CGTMSE (Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises) is a Government of India trust that provides…
Chemiluminescence (chemiluminescence analyser, CLD) — Chemiluminescence is an analytical technique that measures NO₂, ammonia or ozone by detecting the light emitted from…
circular economy — An economic model that eliminates waste by keeping materials in use as long as possible through reuse, repair,…
COD (COD, COD meaning) — COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) is the amount of oxygen required to chemically oxidise all organic matter in water,…
Coke Oven (coke ovens, coking oven) — A coke oven is a sealed oven that bakes coal at high temperature without air to produce metallurgical coke for…
competent authority (designated authority, appropriate authority) — A competent authority is the specific government body or official legally empowered to grant permissions and enforce…
consent (consent, CTE/CTO) — Consent is the Consent to Establish (CTE) and Consent to Operate (CTO) issued by the State Pollution Control Board…
consent fee (consent fee, CTE fee) — The fee charged by State Pollution Control Boards for granting Consent to Establish (CTE) or Consent to Operate…
Consent to Establish (CTE, CTE meaning) — Consent to Establish (CTE) is the formal SPCB approval that permits an entrepreneur to set up an industrial plant at…
Consent to Operate (CTO, CTO pollution control) — Consent to Operate (CTO) is the SPCB approval that an industrial plant must obtain before commencing regular…
CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board, CPCB India) — The Central Pollution Control Board is India's apex statutory body for environmental regulation, constituted under…
crusher/shredder (crusher/shredder, shredder) — Industrial machines that break down bulky waste items — tyres, electronics, plastics, organic material — into…
CTE (CTE, CTE full form) — Consent to Establish (CTE) is a mandatory written approval from a State Pollution Control Board that allows an…
CTE/CTO (CTE, CTO) — CTE (Consent to Establish) and CTO (Consent to Operate) are the two mandatory approvals issued by a State Pollution…
CTO (CTO, CTO full form) — Consent to Operate (CTO) is a mandatory SPCB approval issued after plant construction is complete, authorising an…

D 8 terms

dB(A) (dB(A), dBA) — dB(A) is the A-weighted decibel scale — a measurement of sound pressure level weighted to reflect the sensitivity of…
DEAC (DEAC, District Expert Appraisal Committee) — District Expert Appraisal Committee — a district-level expert body under India's EIA framework that examines Category…
DEIAA (District Environment Impact Assessment Authority, District Environmental Clearance Authority) — DEIAA (District Environment Impact Assessment Authority) grants Environmental Clearance for Category B2 minor-mineral…
designated authority (competent authority, designated officer) — A designated authority is the government body or officer that a law or notification names to exercise a particular…
Diesel Generator (DG) sets (DG set, diesel generator set) — A diesel generator (DG) set is a self-contained backup power unit pairing a diesel engine with an alternator to…
distillation (fractional distillation, oil distillation) — Distillation is a separation process that heats a liquid mixture and condenses its vapours at different temperatures…
DPR (Detailed Project Report, project report) — DPR (Detailed Project Report) is the comprehensive technical and financial document submitted to banks, government…
DSCR (Debt Service Coverage Ratio, debt coverage ratio) — DSCR (Debt Service Coverage Ratio) is calculated as net operating income divided by total debt service (principal +…

E 16 terms

EAC (EAC, EAC full form) — The Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) is the central technical committee under MoEFCC that reviews EIA reports for…
effluent (effluent, industrial effluent) — Liquid waste or wastewater discharged as a by-product of industrial processes, containing dissolved chemicals,…
Effluent Discharge Standards (effluent standards, discharge standards) — Effluent Discharge Standards are the legally prescribed limits on pollutant concentrations — BOD, COD, suspended…
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP, ETP meaning) — An Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is a multi-stage facility that treats industrial wastewater to remove pollutants…
EIA (EIA, EIA report) — An EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) is a systematic study of a proposed project's environmental effects,…
EIA Notification 2006 (S.O. 1533, EIA Notification) — The EIA Notification 2006 (S.O. 1533) is the Indian regulation that makes Environmental Clearance mandatory for…
Emission (air emission, stack emission) — Emission is the release of pollutants — gases, particulate matter or vapours — into the air from a source such as a…
Emission Standards (air emission standards, stack emission limits) — Emission Standards are the legally prescribed limits on the maximum concentration or quantity of pollutants that may…
EMP (EMP, EMP in EIA) — An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the action component of an EIA report that specifies how a project will…
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EP Act, EPA 1986) — The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is India's umbrella environmental law. It empowers the central government to…
environmental clearance (EC, Prior Environmental Clearance) — Environmental Clearance (EC) is the formal approval issued by MoEFCC or SEIAA permitting a major industrial project…
Environmental Management Plan (EMP, EMP in EIA) — An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the mandatory action-oriented section of every EIA Report that specifies…
Environmental Statement (Environmental return, EP Rules environmental statement) — An Environmental Statement is an annual return submitted to the SPCB that discloses a factory's actual pollution…
ETP (ETP, ETP meaning) — An Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is a facility that treats industrial wastewater using physical, chemical, and…
exhaust muffler (silencer, exhaust silencer) — An exhaust muffler (silencer) is a device fitted to an engine's exhaust to reduce the noise of the escaping…
Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC, EAC EIA India) — The Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) is a central-government expert panel that reviews EIA reports for large Category…

F 5 terms

Factories Act, 1948 (Factories Act, Factories Act India) — The Factories Act, 1948 is India's central law governing occupational health, safety, and working conditions in…
Feedstock (raw material, input material) — Feedstock is the raw input material fed into an industrial plant. In recycling and biogas plants, it is the waste or…
financially viable (financially viable project, project viability) — A determination that a compressed biogas or recycling project generates sufficient revenue to cover all costs and…
First Schedule (First Schedule, First Schedule consent guidelines) — The schedule appended to India's 2025 Consolidated Consent Guidelines (GSR 84(E)) that contains the official…
Fluoride (F, fluoride emissions) — Fluoride is a reactive halogen pollutant from aluminium smelters, phosphate fertiliser plants and brick kilns that…

G 9 terms

Government Subsidies (government support, financial incentives) — Financial support provided by government agencies to reduce the capital burden of setting up waste-processing or…
Gram Panchayat (Gram Panchayat, GP) — The lowest tier of rural local government in India, with jurisdiction over one or more villages. In the environmental…
Gravimetric (gravimetric method, gravimetric analysis) — Gravimetric is the reference method for measuring particulate matter: ambient air is drawn through a pre-weighed…
greenhouse gas (GHG, greenhouse gases) — Greenhouse gases (GHGs) -- including CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide -- trap heat in the atmosphere and drive climate…
greenhouse gas emissions (greenhouse gas emissions, GHG emissions) — Gases released into the atmosphere that trap heat and contribute to global warming — primarily CO₂, methane (CH₄),…
grid outages (power cuts, grid outage) — Grid outages are temporary interruptions in the electricity supply from the public distribution network. For…
GSR 84(E) (GSR-84(E), GSR 84E) — GSR 84(E) is a 2025 gazette notification issued by MoEFCC that amended consent frameworks and introduced updated…
GSR-84(E) (GSR 84(E), GSR-84E) — GSR-84(E) is the January 2025 Gazette notification under the Air Act that standardised India's SPCB consent…
GST (Goods and Services Tax, GST India) — GST (Goods and Services Tax) is India's unified indirect tax that replaced multiple central and state taxes from 1…

H 4 terms

Heat exchangers (shell and tube heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger) — A device that transfers heat between two fluids without mixing them. Used in biogas plants to heat incoming slurry to…
HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography) — HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) is a laboratory technique used to measure benzo(a)pyrene and other…
HRC (HRC, Rockwell C) — HRC is the Rockwell C hardness scale — the standard measure of hardness for industrial cutting blades, shredder…
HSN (Harmonised System of Nomenclature, HSN code) — HSN (Harmonised System of Nomenclature) is an internationally standardised 6-8 digit product classification code used…

I 7 terms

industrial wastewater (industrial wastewater, industrial effluent) — Industrial wastewater is effluent generated by manufacturing or processing activities, typically containing process…
insertion loss (acoustic insertion loss, noise insertion loss) — Insertion loss is the reduction in noise level, measured in dB(A), achieved by fitting an acoustic enclosure,…
IRR (Internal Rate of Return, project IRR) — IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is the discount rate at which the net present value of a project's cash flows equals…
ISO (ISO, International Organization for Standardization) — International Organization for Standardization — the independent, non-governmental international body that develops…
ISO 14001 (ISO 14001, ISO 14001:2015) — The international standard for environmental management systems. ISO 14001 certification means an organisation…
ISO 9001 (ISO 9001, ISO 9001:2015) — The international standard for quality management systems. An ISO 9001 certificate from a vendor means their design,…
ITC (ITC, ITC under GST) — Input Tax Credit (ITC) is the mechanism under India's GST system that allows a registered business to deduct the GST…

K 3 terms

kabadiwala (scrap dealer (informal), kabaadiwala) — Kabadiwala (from Urdu/Hindi: kabad = junk) is an informal itinerant or shop-based scrap buyer who collects household…
KLD (KLD, Kilo Litres per Day) — KLD (Kilo Litres per Day) is a unit measuring liquid flow or discharge volume equal to 1,000 litres per day. It is…
KVA (KVA, kVA) — KVA (Kilovolt-Ampere) is a unit of apparent electrical power equal to 1,000 volt-amperes, used to rate generators,…

L 6 terms

lakh INR (lakh INR, ₹ lakh) — One lakh equals 100,000 units in the Indian numbering system. One lakh Indian Rupees (₹1,00,000) is a standard unit…
landfill (sanitary landfill, dump) — A land-based waste disposal site where solid waste is deposited in engineered cells, compacted, and covered. Modern…
Lead (Pb, lead metal) — Lead (Pb) is a heavy-metal pollutant from smelters, battery manufacture and leaded fuels, and a cumulative neurotoxin…
Leq (equivalent continuous sound level, LAeq) — Leq, the equivalent continuous sound level, is the single steady noise level that contains the same total acoustic…
life cycle (LCA, life cycle analysis) — A methodology for quantifying the total environmental impact of a product from raw material extraction through…
loudspeaker or public address system (loudspeaker, public address system) — A loudspeaker or public address system is any device used to amplify and broadcast sound over an area. Under India's…

M 13 terms

magnetic separators (magnetic separators, magnetic separator) — Equipment using powerful magnetic fields to remove ferrous metals (iron, steel) from material streams on conveyor…
Marine Coastal Areas (marine coastal discharge, coastal waters) — Marine coastal areas are sea and estuarine waters where effluent is discharged offshore. Some parameters such as…
mg/Nm3 (mg/Nm3, milligrams per normal cubic metre) — mg/Nm³ means milligrams of pollutant per normal cubic metre of dry flue gas (corrected to 0°C and 1 atmosphere). It…
micron (micron, micrometre) — One micron (μm) equals one-thousandth of a millimetre (0.001 mm). The micron is the standard unit for expressing…
MLD (MLD, Million Litres per Day) — MLD (Million Litres per Day) is a unit measuring large-scale liquid flow equal to 1,000,000 litres per day (1,000 KLD…
MOC (Material of Construction, material specification) — MOC (Material of Construction) — the specific material chosen for industrial equipment based on chemical…
MoEF (MoEF, MoEFCC) — Former name of India's central environmental ministry, now called MoEFCC (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate…
MoEFCC (Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change, MoEF) — MoEFCC (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change) is India's central environment ministry that frames…
Moisture Content (water content, wet basis moisture) — The mass of water in a material expressed as a percentage of total fresh weight (wet basis) or dry weight (dry…
MRF (Material Recovery Facility, Material Recovery Centre) — MRF (Material Recovery Facility) is a physical facility where mixed dry waste is sorted, segregated, and baled by…
MSME (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises, SSI) — MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) is an Indian business classification based on investment and turnover…
Municipal Solid Waste (Municipal Solid Waste, MSW) — Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the collective term for all solid waste generated by households, commercial…
MVA (MVA, Mega Volt-Ampere) — MVA (Mega Volt-Ampere) is a unit of apparent electrical power equal to 1,000 KVA or 1,000,000 volt-amperes. It is…

N 15 terms

NAAQS (NAAQS, NAAQS India) — NAAQS (National Ambient Air Quality Standards) are India's legally prescribed outdoor air quality limits for key…
NABET (NABET, National Accreditation Board for Education and Training) — National Accreditation Board for Education and Training — a body under the Quality Council of India (QCI) that…
Natural Rubber Processing (natural rubber processing, rubber processing) — Natural Rubber Processing is the processing of latex into block, sheet or crepe rubber. The wastewater generation…
NDIR (non-dispersive infrared, NDIR analyser) — NDIR (Non-Dispersive Infrared) is a gas-analysis technique that measures CO and CO₂ by how much infrared light they…
Nickel (Ni, nickel metal) — Nickel (Ni) is a toxic heavy metal released by smelting, electroplating and incineration, and is a respiratory…
night time (night time, night-time noise limit) — In India's noise regulation, night time is the period from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m., during which stricter ambient noise…
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2, NO₂) — Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) is a reddish-brown toxic gas formed by high-temperature combustion in boilers and engines. It…
Nitrogen Oxides (Nitrogen Oxides, NOx) — A family of gases (primarily nitric oxide NO and nitrogen dioxide NO₂) formed at high combustion temperatures when…
NMHC (NMHC, Non-Methane Hydrocarbons) — Non-Methane Hydrocarbons — volatile organic carbon compounds other than methane released from industrial processes…
No Objection Certificate (NOC, NOC full form) — A No Objection Certificate (NOC) is a formal written clearance from a competent authority stating that it has no…
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide, NO₂) — NO2 is the chemical formula for Nitrogen Dioxide — a toxic reddish-brown gas from high-temperature combustion that…
NOC (No Objection Certificate, NOC India) — A No Objection Certificate (NOC) is a formal clearance from a regulatory or local body confirming no objection to a…
Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 (Noise Rules, Noise Rules 2000) — The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 are India's federal noise regulations, framed under the…
notified silence zone (notified silence area, declared silence zone) — A notified silence zone is a silence zone that the competent authority has formally declared and published by…
NPV (Net Present Value, discounted cash flow) — NPV (Net Present Value) is the sum of all project cash flows discounted back to today's value — a positive NPV means…

O 7 terms

occupier (occupier, factory occupier) — The person or entity legally responsible for the operations of an industrial plant under Indian environmental and…
OCEMS (OCEMS, CEMS) — OCEMS (Online Continuous Emission Monitoring System) is CPCB's mandated stack monitoring system, where sensors…
OCMMS (OCMMS, Online Consent Management and Monitoring System) — Online Consent Management and Monitoring System — the digital portal used by State Pollution Control Boards to…
offtake (offtake agreement, offtake contract) — Offtake is a contractual commitment by a buyer to purchase a defined quantity of a producer's output at pre-agreed…
OPEX (Operating Expenditure, operating cost) — OPEX (Operating Expenditure) refers to the recurring day-to-day costs of running an established business -- including…
Output Ratio (pyrolysis output ratio, product distribution ratio) — The ratio of product fractions (oil, gas, carbon black, steel) produced from a tyre or plastic pyrolysis reactor — a…
Ozone (O3, O₃) — Ozone (O₃) is a reactive secondary air pollutant formed when nitrogen oxides and VOCs react in sunlight. Ground-level…

P 20 terms

payback period (simple payback, capital recovery period) — Payback period is the number of years required for a project's cumulative net cash inflows to recover the initial…
peristaltic pump (Peristaltic pump, hose pump) — A pump that moves fluid by squeezing a flexible hose or tube in a rolling motion, so the pump mechanism never…
Phenolic compounds (phenols, phenolic compounds) — Phenolic compounds are phenols (as C₆H₅OH) — toxic, taste-and-odour-producing organics from petroleum, pulp & paper…
Plant Availability (Plant Availability, equipment availability) — The percentage of scheduled time that a plant or piece of equipment is fully operational and ready to produce output,…
plant operations (plant operation, facility operations) — Plant operations are the day-to-day activities that keep a manufacturing or processing facility running — feedstock…
PLC (PLC, PLC meaning) — A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is a ruggedised industrial computer that automates process control by executing…
PLC-based control (PLC-based control, PLC) — PLC-based control refers to industrial automation systems in which a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) — a…
PM10 (RSPM, Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter) — PM10 refers to airborne particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometres or less. These coarse particles are…
PM2.5 (fine particulate matter, PM 2.5) — PM2.5 refers to airborne particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less. These fine particles…
PMEGP (Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme, PMEGP loan) — PMEGP (Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme) is a GoI credit-linked subsidy scheme administered by KVIC…
Pollution Control Boards (CPCB and SPCB, pollution control board) — Pollution Control Boards are the statutory regulators — the CPCB at the centre and SPCBs in each state — that issue…
Positive Displacement Pump (Positive Displacement Pump, PD pump) — A pump category that moves fluid by trapping a fixed volume per cycle and forcing it through the discharge. Delivers…
ppm (ppm, parts per million) — Parts per million (ppm) is a unit of concentration expressing how many units of a substance exist in one million…
price volatility (commodity price volatility, market price risk) — The degree of unpredictable price fluctuation for feedstocks or products over time. High volatility increases…
Prior Environmental Clearance (Environmental Clearance, EC) — Prior Environmental Clearance (EC) is the approval from MoEFCC or SEIAA that must be obtained before any construction…
Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP) (PCP, PC pump) — A positive-displacement pump where a helical metal rotor turns inside a rubber stator to create sealed cavities that…
public consultation (public consultation, public hearing) — Stage 3 of India's Environmental Clearance process — a mandatory public hearing and written comment period in which…
public emergency (public emergency exemption, emergency) — A public emergency is a situation involving an immediate threat to public safety, health or welfare, during which…
Public Sewers (public sewer, municipal sewer) — Public sewers are the municipal sewer network. Effluent may be discharged into them only if the sewer leads to a…
pyrolysis (thermal decomposition, plastic-to-fuel) — Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of organic material (plastic, rubber, biomass) in the absence of oxygen at…

Q 2 terms

QCI (QCI, Quality Council of India) — Quality Council of India — the apex national accreditation body that operates accreditation schemes for testing…
quality standards (product quality standards, quality specification) — The specifications that CBG and recycled material products must meet for sale — including IS 16087:2016 for…

R 9 terms

rCB (recovered carbon black, rcb) — rCB is the abbreviation for recovered carbon black — the solid carbon char from tyre or plastic pyrolysis, cleaned…
RCC (RCC, Reinforced Cement Concrete) — Reinforced Cement Concrete — a composite construction material combining concrete with embedded steel bars or mesh to…
Receiving Environment (receiving area, receptor environment) — The receiving environment is the surrounding area into which a plant's emissions disperse and where air quality is…
Receiving Water Body (receiving water, receiving stream) — A receiving water body is any river, stream, lake, pond, coastal area or land into which treated effluent is finally…
recovered carbon black (rCB, recovered carbon black (rCB)) — Recovered carbon black (rCB) is the solid carbon char left after tyre or plastic pyrolysis, cleaned, milled and…
recovery yield (material recovery rate, yield rate) — Recovery yield is the percentage of input material weight that becomes usable, saleable output from a recycling…
residential areas (residential area, residential zone) — A residential area is one of the four zone categories in India's noise regulation, covering areas designated for…
Reverse Osmosis (RO, RO membrane) — A water purification process where pressure drives water through a semi-permeable membrane, rejecting dissolved…
RSPM (Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter, PM10) — RSPM (Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter) refers to airborne particles of 10 µm or smaller (PM10) that penetrate…

S 35 terms

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, industrial monitoring system) — SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is an industrial monitoring and control system that collects…
scoping (scoping, EIA scoping) — Stage 2 of India's Environmental Clearance process — the step in which the Expert Appraisal Committee defines the…
screening (screening, EIA screening) — Stage 1 of India's Environmental Clearance process — the step that determines whether a proposed project requires an…
SEAC (SEAC, State EAC) — The State Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) is the state-level technical committee that reviews EIA reports for…
Second Schedule (Second Schedule, Second Schedule consent guidelines) — The schedule appended to India's 2025 Consolidated Consent Guidelines (GSR 84(E)) that prescribes the maximum fee…
Section 21 (Section 21, Section 21 Air Act) — The provision of India's Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 that requires every person intending to…
SEIAA (SEIAA, State EIA Authority) — SEIAA (State Environment Impact Assessment Authority) is the state-level body in India that grants Environmental…
Shredder (industrial shredder, primary shredder) — A shredder is a size-reduction machine that breaks down large waste items -- tyres, electronics, plastics -- into…
SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India, SIDBI loan) — SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India) is India's apex development finance institution for the MSME…
Silence Zone (Silence Zone, noise sensitive zone) — A designated noise-restricted area within 100 metres of hospitals, educational institutions, courts, and religious…
silence zones (silence zone, silence area/zone) — A silence zone is an area of at least 100 metres around hospitals, educational institutions and courts where the…
Smelter (smelting furnace, metal smelter) — A smelter is a high-temperature furnace that extracts or refines metal from ore concentrates or scrap. It is a major…
SO2 (sulphur dioxide, sulfur dioxide) — SO2 is the chemical formula for Sulphur Dioxide — an acidic gas released from burning sulphur-bearing fuels and from…
sound pressure level (SPL, sound pressure level (SPL)) — Sound pressure level (SPL) is a measure of sound intensity relative to a fixed reference pressure, expressed in…
sound-emitting fire crackers (firecrackers, sound-emitting firecrackers) — Sound-emitting fire crackers are explosive devices designed to produce loud bangs. Under India's Noise Rules and…
SPCB (State Pollution Control Board, Pollution Control Committee) — State Pollution Control Board — the state-level statutory authority responsible for issuing, monitoring, and…
SPM (SPM, Total Suspended Particles) — SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) is the total mass concentration of all airborne particles in the atmosphere, a…
SRU (sulphur recovery unit, Claus unit) — SRU stands for Sulphur Recovery Unit — a refinery process that converts hydrogen sulphide into elemental sulphur to…
SS 304 (SS 304, Stainless Steel 304) — The most widely used austenitic stainless steel grade — containing 18% chromium and 8% nickel — offering good…
SS 316 (SS 316, Stainless Steel 316) — A molybdenum-alloyed austenitic stainless steel grade offering superior resistance to corrosion from chlorides,…
SSI (Small Scale Industry, MSME) — Small Scale Industry (SSI) is India's legacy classification for smaller industrial units, now superseded by the MSME…
Stack (chimney, flue stack) — A stack is the vertical chimney or duct that releases treated exhaust gases into the atmosphere at a height that…
Stack height (chimney height, minimum stack height) — Stack height is the minimum chimney height prescribed by CPCB rules so that pollutants disperse safely above the…
stack height requirements (stack height norms, chimney height requirement) — Stack height requirements are the mandatory minimum heights that CPCB sets for the exhaust stacks of diesel…
State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA, State EIA Authority) — State Environment Impact Assessment Authority — the state-level statutory body responsible for granting Environmental…
State Level Monitoring Committee (State Level Monitoring Committee, SLMC) — A supervisory body constituted under India's 2025 consent guidelines to decide CTE and CTO applications when the…
State Pollution Control Board (SPCB, State PCB) — A State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) is the state-level body in India that issues Consent to Establish and Consent…
State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) (SPCB, State Pollution Control Board) — State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) are state-level statutory bodies that implement India's environmental laws —…
State Pollution Control Committees (SPCCs) (SPCC, Pollution Control Committee) — State Pollution Control Committees (SPCCs) are the pollution-control authorities for India's Union Territories,…
stator (pump stator, PCP stator) — The stationary helical rubber sleeve inside a Progressive Cavity Pump that seals against the rotor to form the moving…
STP (STP, STP meaning) — An STP (Sewage Treatment Plant) is a facility that treats domestic sewage and municipal wastewater to remove organic…
Sulphide (sulphide, sulfide) — Sulphide is the sulphide ion (as S) in wastewater — corrosive, odorous and toxic. The inland surface water effluent…
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2, sulfur dioxide) — Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂) is an acidic, pungent gas released from burning sulphur-bearing fuels and from smelters. It is…
Sulphur Recovery Unit (SRU, Claus unit) — A Sulphur Recovery Unit (SRU) is a process unit in oil refineries that converts hydrogen sulphide from sour gas into…
Summary EIA (Summary EIA, EIA Summary) — A Summary EIA is a condensed version of a full Environmental Impact Assessment report, limited to a maximum of 10 A4…

T 9 terms

TDS (TDS, TDS meaning) — TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) is the total concentration of dissolved mineral salts in water, measured in mg/L. High…
Terms of Reference (ToR, TOR EIA) — Terms of Reference (ToR) is the EIA scoping document issued by EAC or SEAC that defines exactly what studies and…
Time Weighted Average (TWA, time-weighted average) — Time Weighted Average (TWA) is the average pollutant concentration measured over a defined exposure period — 24…
ToR (ToR, ToR EIA) — Terms of Reference (ToR) is the scoping document issued by the EIA regulator (EAC or SEAC) that specifies exactly…
TPA (Tonnes Per Annum, tons per year) — TPA (Tonnes Per Annum) is a capacity and throughput metric expressing how many metric tonnes a facility processes or…
TPD (TPD, Tonnes Per Day) — Tonnes Per Day (TPD) is the standard unit expressing a plant's processing or production capacity on a daily basis. It…
TPH (TPH, Tonnes Per Hour) — Tonnes Per Hour (TPH) is the standard unit for expressing the instantaneous throughput rate of recycling equipment or…
TSDF (TSDF, TSDF meaning) — A TSDF (Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility) is a CPCB-authorised facility licensed to receive, treat, store,…
TSS (TSS, TSS meaning) — TSS (Total Suspended Solids) is the concentration of particles suspended in water that are retained on a filter, used…

U 3 terms

Udyog Aadhaar (Udyog Aadhar, Udyam Registration) — Udyog Aadhaar is the MSME registration number issued to micro, small and medium enterprises by the Ministry of MSME,…
ug/m3 (ug/m3, micrograms per cubic metre) — µg/m³ means micrograms of pollutant per cubic metre of ambient air. It is the standard unit for NAAQS ambient air…
UL (UL, Underwriters Laboratories) — Underwriters Laboratories — a US-based independent product safety testing and certification organisation. Equipment…

V 7 terms

Vanadium (vanadium, V) — Vanadium (V) is a trace heavy metal from steel and petrochemical industries. The effluent limit is 0.2 mg/L across…
VFD (VFD, VSD) — A VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) is an electronic device that controls AC motor speed by varying frequency and…
VFDs (VFDs, VFD) — Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) are electronic devices that control the speed of electric motors by varying the…
Viscosity (dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity) — A fluid property measuring resistance to flow, expressed in Pascal-seconds (Pa·s) or centipoise (cP). Higher…
VOC (VOC, VOCs) — VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) are carbon-based chemicals that evaporate easily at room temperature, contributing…
VOCs (VOCs, VOC) — Volatile Organic Compounds — organic chemicals that evaporate easily at room temperature, contributing to air…
voltage fluctuations (voltage fluctuation, voltage variation) — Voltage fluctuations are variations in the supply voltage above or below its nominal level. Common on Indian…

W 5 terms

Waste-to-Energy (WtE, W2E) — The process of generating usable energy — electricity, heat, or fuel — from waste materials that would otherwise go…
Wastewater (wastewater, waste water) — Wastewater is used water from domestic, industrial or commercial activities that contains dissolved or suspended…
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (Water Act, Water Act 1974) — The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 is the foundational Indian law that established CPCB and…
Water Act (Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Water Act 1974) — The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 established CPCB and the SPCBs and requires industries to…
wear part (wearing part, consumable part) — A pump or machine component that undergoes gradual physical degradation during normal operation due to friction,…

Z 2 terms

Zinc (zinc, Zn) — Zinc (Zn) is a heavy metal regulated in effluent. The inland surface water limit is 5.0 mg/L; public sewers and…
ZLD (ZLD, ZLD meaning) — Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is a wastewater treatment approach that recovers all process water for reuse and…

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A 14 terms

B 11 terms

C 27 terms

D 8 terms

E 16 terms

F 5 terms

G 9 terms

H 4 terms

I 7 terms

K 3 terms

L 6 terms

M 13 terms

N 15 terms

O 7 terms

P 20 terms

Q 2 terms

R 9 terms

S 35 terms

T 9 terms

U 3 terms

V 7 terms

W 5 terms

Z 2 terms

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