The terms you'll meet in recycling & renewables

A-weighted scale A-weighted scale Technical also: A-weighting · dB(A) · decibels A-weighted A frequency weighting (dB(A)) that adjusts noise readings to match human hearing sensitivity; the unit used in India's noise limits. General AAS AAS Acronym also: atomic absorption spectroscopy · atomic absorption spectrometry · AAS analysis Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy — laboratory technique that measures lead, arsenic, nickel and other heavy metals captured on ambient-air filters. E-waste Li-ion Battery Plastic (Mech) CBG Tyre Recycling Acetoclastic Pathway Acetoclastic Pathway Technical A metabolic route where acetic acid is converted to methane and CO₂ by acetoclastic methanogens — the predominant methane production mechanism in most anaerobic environments. CBG Acetogenesis Acetogenesis Technical also: acetogenic stage · syntrophic acetogenesis · stage 3 AD The conversion of organic acids into acetate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide — a necessary intermediate step before methanogenesis. CBG Acetogenic bacteria Acetogenic bacteria Technical also: acid-forming bacteria Microorganisms that convert larger organic compounds into acetic acid and hydrogen, serving as an intermediary step in anaerobic digestion. CBG acid formation acid formation Technical also: acid build-up · acidification in digester The production of volatile fatty acids during the first stage of anaerobic digestion, where microorganisms break down organic matter. CBG acid-forming bacteria acid-forming bacteria Technical also: acidogenic bacteria · acidogens Microorganisms in the first three stages of anaerobic digestion that break down organic matter into volatile fatty acids and other compounds. CBG acidity acidity Technical also: acidity in AD · pH acidity Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, critical for optimal microbial activity in anaerobic digestion CBG Acidogenesis Acidogenesis Technical also: acid formation stage · acidogenic stage · fermentation stage AD The stage where smaller organic compounds are converted into organic acids, gases, and alcohols by acid-producing bacteria. CBG acoustic enclosure acoustic enclosure Technical also: acoustic hood · sound enclosure · DG set canopy · soundproof enclosure A sound-insulating casing around noisy equipment (usually a DG set); CPCB requires a minimum 25 dB(A) insertion loss for DG-set enclosures. General activated carbon activated carbon Technical also: activated carbon · activated charcoal · activated carbon filters · adsorbent beds · activated carbon bed Porous material used to absorb impurities and odors from biogas during purification. CBG AD AD Acronym also: Anaerobic Digestion · anaerobic digestion process · Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Anaerobic Digestion — a biological process that breaks down organic matter in the absence of oxygen to produce biogas and digestate. CBG adsorbent beds adsorbent beds Technical also: adsorption columns · activated carbon beds · molecular sieve beds Porous materials used to absorb and remove impurities and contaminants from biogas during the upgrading process. CBG Adsorption Adsorption Technical A process where molecules adhere to the surface of a solid material. In this context, moisture molecules bond to drying materials like silica gel. General aggregator aggregator Technical also: scrap aggregator (in waste context) · waste aggregator · material aggregator · waste trader An intermediary that consolidates dry recyclable waste from multiple kabadiwalas into bulk, sorted, baled quantities for sale to industrial recyclers — the middle link in India's waste recycling supply chain. General agitation system agitation system Technical also: digester agitation · mixing system · biogas digester mixer Mechanical or hydraulic equipment that stirs mixing tank contents to ensure uniform digestion and prevent settling of solids. CBG Agitator Agitator Technical also: Agitator · digester mixer · agitator system A rotating mechanical device used to mix and maintain uniform consistency of materials in a tank or vessel. CBG Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Regulatory also: Air Act · Air Act 1981 · Air Pollution Act India The principal Indian law regulating air pollution from industrial activities — establishes the State and Central Pollution Control Boards and prescribes consent requirements. General Air Act Air Act Regulatory also: Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 · Air Pollution Act India · Air Act 1981 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 — the principal Indian law regulating air pollution from industrial sources; CTE/CTO under section 21 derives from this Act. General Air classifier Air classifier Technical also: air separation · zig-zag classifier · density air separator · air table A separator that uses air flow to sort lighter materials (plastic, dust) from heavier metal fractions in shredded e-waste. Plastic (Mech) E-waste air ejection air ejection Technical also: air ejection · air ejector · solenoid air valve · pneumatic ejector · optical sorter air valve A row of high-speed solenoid valves that fire short bursts of compressed air to deflect target fragments off a belt into a separate chute. The actuation mechanism in every optical sorter. Plastic (Mech) E-waste Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis alkaline solution alkaline solution Technical also: caustic solution · wet scrubbing solution A liquid with a pH greater than 7 that can neutralize and absorb acidic gases like hydrogen sulfide. CBG Alkalinity Alkalinity Technical also: alkaline conditions · buffering capacity The capacity of a solution to neutralize acids; measured by the concentration of bicarbonates, carbonates, and hydroxides that resist pH changes. CBG Alkalinity Ratio Alkalinity Ratio Technical also: VFA to alkalinity ratio · stability ratio The ratio of alkalinity to volatile fatty acids; a key parameter for monitoring anaerobic digester stability and performance. CBG Alpha emitter Alpha emitter Technical also: alpha emitter · alpha-emitting radionuclide · alpha radiation Radioactive material that releases alpha particles (helium nuclei) when decaying. Effluent limit: 10⁻⁷ micro-curie/ml for surface water discharge. E-waste Tyre Recycling Li-ion Battery Plastic (Mech) CBG alternator alternator Technical also: AC generator · genset alternator The electrical machine in a DG set that converts the engine's mechanical rotation into AC electricity. General Ambient Air Quality Ambient Air Quality Technical also: ambient air · AAQ · air quality The quality of air in the open environment as experienced by people, plants and animals in a given area; measured against NAAQS limits. General ambient noise standards ambient noise standards Technical also: ambient noise standard · noise standards · ambient noise limits Legal limits for environmental noise levels, in dB(A), set by the Noise Rules 2000 for different zone types and measured at the premises boundary. General Amine scrubbing Amine scrubbing Technical also: amine absorption · chemical scrubbing biogas · chemical absorption upgrading A chemical process using amine solutions to remove acidic impurities (CO₂, H₂S) from biogas, producing high-purity methane. CBG ammonia ammonia Technical also: ammonia toxicity · free ammonia inhibition Nitrogen compound that can be toxic to anaerobic bacteria at high concentrations CBG ammonia evaporation ammonia evaporation Technical also: ammonia volatilisation · ammonia loss from digestate Loss of ammonia gas from liquid storage, reducing nitrogen content and nutrient value over time. CBG ammoniacal ammoniacal Technical also: ammoniacal · NH₃-N · ammonia-N · ammonium-N Containing or relating to ammonia (NH₃), a nitrogen compound that produces a characteristic pungent odor. CBG Ammoniacal nitrogen Ammoniacal nitrogen Metric also: ammonia nitrogen · NH3-N · ammoniacal nitrogen (effluent) Ammonia-nitrogen (as N) in water. Inland surface water, public sewers and marine coastal limit: 50 mg/L. CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) E-waste ammonium ammonium Technical also: ammonium · NH₄⁺ A nitrogen compound (NH₄⁺) in a form that plants can readily absorb and utilize. CBG Ammonium Nitrogen (50 – 80% of Total N) Ammonium Nitrogen (50 – 80% of Total N) Metric also: NH₄-N · NH4-N · ammonium-N The readily available form of nitrogen that plants can absorb immediately, providing faster growth response than slow-release organic nitrogen. CBG ammonium sulfate ammonium sulfate Technical also: (NH₄)₂SO₄ · ammonium sulphate A chemical compound (NH₄)₂SO₄ commonly used as a nitrogen-rich fertilizer in agriculture. CBG ammonium-N ammonium-N Technical also: NH₄-N · ammonium nitrogen · plant-available N Nitrogen in ammonium form (NH₄⁺) — a plant-available form of nitrogen often measured in digestate quality assessment. CBG Anaerobic Digestate Anaerobic Digestate Technical also: Digestate · biogas digestate · AD digestate A nutrient-rich organic residue produced when microorganisms break down biodegradable material without oxygen, commonly used as a soil amendment or fertilizer. CBG anaerobic digester anaerobic digester Technical also: anaerobic digester · biogas digester · AD reactor · digester tank A sealed tank where microorganisms break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen to produce biogas and digestate. CBG anaerobic digestion anaerobic digestion Technical also: AD · AD process · anaerobic digestion process · biomethanation Biochemical process where microorganisms break down organic matter in oxygen-free conditions to produce biogas and digestate. CBG Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Technical also: Anaerobic Digestion · AD · anaerobic digestion process · biological digestion · oxygen-free digestion A biological decomposition process that occurs without oxygen, converting organic waste into biogas and digestate. CBG Annexure-I Annexure-I Regulatory also: Annexure-I · Annexure I · effluent standards annexure Schedule appended to the effluent discharge standards specifying additional parameters and conditions such as colour and odour not detailed numerically. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) CBG E-waste Plastic Pyrolysis Annual Maintenance Contracts (AMCs) Annual Maintenance Contracts (AMCs) Acronym also: Annual Maintenance Contracts (AMCs) · AMC · AMCs · Annual Maintenance Contract · service contract · equipment maintenance contract Annual Maintenance Contracts - yearly service agreements covering routine maintenance, repairs, and technical support General Anode Bake Oven Anode Bake Oven Technical also: anode baking furnace · anode bake furnace · carbon anode oven Furnace in aluminium smelters that bakes carbon-paste anodes; emits fluoride and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that must be scrubbed. E-waste Plastic (Mech) Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis CBG antistatic antistatic Technical also: antistatic · anti-static · static dissipative · ESD protection · antistatic material Of materials or coatings that prevent build-up of static electricity. Essential for filter bags handling combustible dust to avoid spark-ignition fires. Plastic (Mech) E-waste Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis arsenic arsenic Caution also: arsenic · As · arsenic e-waste hazard · arsenic semiconductor A toxic semi-metal used in GaAs semiconductors (LEDs, high-frequency chips). Releases hazardous fumes when burned; requires controlled handling. E-waste Asbestos Asbestos Caution also: asbestos fibres · asbestos dust · white asbestos Banned fibrous mineral once used in insulation; inhalation causes mesothelioma and asbestosis. Emission limit: 4 fibres/cc, dust below 2 mg/Nm³. E-waste Tyre Recycling Plastic (Mech) Li-ion Battery Tyre Pyrolysis ASME ASME Regulatory also: ASME · American Society of Mechanical Engineers · ASME standard · ASME code · ASME certified American Society of Mechanical Engineers - develops codes and standards for pressure vessels, boilers, and mechanical systems General assured purchase assured purchase Caution also: guaranteed offtake · OMC offtake · assured offtake A guaranteed commitment by OMCs to buy Bio-CNG at predetermined terms, reducing market uncertainty for producers. CBG austenitic stainless steel austenitic stainless steel Technical also: 300-series stainless steel A type of stainless steel with austenite crystal structure, non-magnetic, offering good corrosion resistance and ductility. General authorisation authorisation Regulatory also: authorisation · authorization · waste authorisation Statutory permission issued under rules such as the Hazardous Waste Rules or Plastic Waste Management Rules — separate from CTE/CTO consents but similarly enforceable. Plastic (Mech) E-waste Plastic (Chem) Li-ion Battery Plastic Pyrolysis

Bagasse Bagasse Technical also: sugarcane bagasse · bagasse fuel · cane residue Fibrous residue left after sugarcane crushing; commonly used as boiler fuel in sugar mills, with PM emissions controlled at 500-800 mg/Nm³ at 12% CO₂. CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Tyre Pyrolysis Tyre Recycling Plastic (Mech) baghouse baghouse Technical also: baghouse · baghouse filter · fabric filter · dust collector · pulse-jet dust collector A dust collector that filters air through dozens of fabric bags or cartridges hanging in a sealed chamber. The standard dust-control device for shredder and granulator lines. Plastic (Mech) E-waste Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis ball mill ball mill Technical also: ball mill · ball milling · tumbling mill · grinding mill A grinding mill using free-tumbling steel or ceramic balls inside a rotating drum to crush feed by impact and attrition. Used for fine PCB grinding before chemical leaching. E-waste Bank Guarantee Bank Guarantee Technical also: bank guarantee · BG · bank guarantee pollution control · SPCB bank guarantee A written promise from a bank to pay a regulator a specified amount if an industrial plant fails to comply with a consent condition — common in CTO conditions for emission controls. General bankability bankability Technical also: bankable project The ability of a project to secure financing from lenders based on predictable revenue and manageable risk. CBG base metals base metals Technical also: base metals · common metals · bulk metals · non-precious metals Common, high-volume metals (copper, aluminium, iron, nickel, tin, zinc). Lower value per kg than precious metals but recovered in much larger quantities from e-waste. E-waste BAT BAT Acronym also: best available technology · best available techniques · BAT Best Available Technology — the most effective and practical treatment methods that can achieve compliance with standards, balancing feasibility and protection. General Benzene Benzene Caution also: C6H6 · benzol · benzene vapour Volatile aromatic hydrocarbon (C₆H₆) and known human carcinogen released from refining and combustion. NAAQS annual limit: 5 µg/m³. Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Chem) Tyre Pyrolysis Tyre Recycling Plastic (Mech) Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene Caution also: BaP · benzo[a]pyrene · benzo-a-pyrene Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (BaP) formed by incomplete combustion of organic matter; classified as a Group 1 carcinogen. NAAQS annual limit: 1 ng/m³. Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis Tyre Recycling Plastic (Chem) Plastic (Mech) beryllium beryllium Caution also: beryllium · Be · beryllium e-waste hazard · beryllium spring contacts A toxic light metal used in spring connectors and heat sinks. Causes chronic beryllium disease — a serious lung condition; handling requires respiratory protection. E-waste Best Available Technology Best Available Technology Technical also: BAT · best available techniques · best available technology The most effective and practical treatment methods available that can achieve compliance with standards, balancing technical feasibility and environmental protection. General Beta emitter Beta emitter Technical also: beta emitter · beta-emitting radionuclide · beta radiation Radioactive material that releases beta particles (electrons or positrons) on decay. Effluent limit: 10⁻⁶ micro-curie/ml for surface water discharge. E-waste Tyre Recycling Li-ion Battery Plastic (Mech) CBG BFR BFR Acronym also: BFR · BFRs · brominated flame retardants · halogenated flame retardants Brominated Flame Retardant — toxic flame retardants used in plastic casings of electronics; their presence determines whether the recovered plastic is recyclable or must be disposed of. E-waste BFRs BFRs Acronym also: BFRs · BFR · Brominated Flame Retardants · brominated flame retardant · organobromine flame retardants Brominated Flame Retardants — fire-resistant additives in plastics and PCBs. Release toxic dioxins and furans when burned. E-waste Bio-assay test Bio-assay test Technical also: bioassay test · fish bioassay · 96-hour bioassay A toxicity test using live fish — 90% must survive after 96 hours in 100% effluent. Confirms that treated effluent is not acutely toxic to aquatic life. E-waste Li-ion Battery Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Bio-CNG Bio-CNG Technical also: Compressed Biogas (CBG) · biomethane CNG Bio-Compressed Natural Gas - renewable methane produced from organic waste through anaerobic digestion, purified and compressed for use as fuel CBG bio-scrubbers bio-scrubbers Technical also: bio-scrubbers · bio-scrubber · biological scrubber · bioscrubber H2S removal Equipment that uses biological organisms or processes to absorb and remove unwanted gases like hydrogen sulfide from biogas. CBG Biochemical Oxygen Demand Biochemical Oxygen Demand Metric also: BOD · BOD3 · biological oxygen demand Oxygen required by micro-organisms to break down organic matter in water over a set period (usually 3 days at 27°C). Inland surface water limit: 30 mg/L. CBG Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis E-waste Biogas Biogas Technical also: raw biogas · biomethane gas · gobar gas · bio-gas Renewable energy fuel produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter, primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide CBG biogas generation systems biogas generation systems Technical also: biogas generation systems · biogas system · biogas plant · biogas production system · anaerobic digestion system Systems that convert organic waste into biogas through controlled anaerobic digestion in specialized reactors CBG Biogas upgrading Biogas upgrading Technical also: biomethane production · biogas purification · biogas enrichment · CO2 removal biogas Process of treating raw biogas to increase methane concentration and remove impurities, making it suitable for use as fuel or injection into gas grids. CBG biogas yield biogas yield Metric also: gas yield · biogas production rate · specific biogas yield · gas output The amount of biogas produced per unit of feedstock processed, typically measured in cubic meters or volume per day. CBG biogas yields biogas yields Metric also: Biogas Yield · gas yield · gas output · biogas production rate The volume or amount of biogas produced per unit of feedstock or per unit time in the digestion system. CBG Biological treatment Biological treatment Technical also: biological treatment · bio-treatment · biological wastewater treatment Use of bacteria, fungi or other micro-organisms to break down organic pollutants in wastewater (aerobic or anaerobic). Core of any secondary treatment system. CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) E-waste biomass biomass Technical also: organic biomass · lignocellulosic biomass Plant or organic matter that can be converted into fuel or energy, including wood, crops, and agricultural residues CBG biomethane biomethane Technical also: biomethane · bio-CNG · upgraded biogas · renewable natural gas · RNG Purified biogas with methane content above 95%, suitable for injection into natural gas grids or use as a fuel. CBG blending mandates blending mandates Regulatory also: blending mandates · blending mandate · bio-CNG blending obligation · renewable fuel blending · mandatory blending Government-enforced requirements to mix Bio-CNG with conventional fuels in specified proportions to increase renewable fuel adoption. CBG BOD BOD Metric also: BOD · BOD5 · BOD meaning · biological oxygen demand Biochemical Oxygen Demand — measures organic pollution in wastewater; effluent discharge limit is typically 30 mg/L for inland surface water. General Boilers and Furnaces Boilers and Furnaces Technical also: industrial boiler · fire tube boiler · water tube boiler Equipment used to generate heat through combustion, commonly found in industrial settings for steam generation and process heating. CBG Plastic (Mech) Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis break-even utilisation break-even utilisation Metric also: break-even capacity utilisation · minimum viable utilisation · break-even throughput The minimum capacity utilisation percentage at which a recycling plant's revenue equals its total costs — below this threshold, the plant operates at a loss. Essential metric for DPR financial stress-testing. General Brewery Brewery Technical also: brewery · beer brewery · beer plant Beer-manufacturing facility. Wastewater benchmark: 0.25 m³ per kilolitre of beer produced. CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) E-waste brominated flame retardants brominated flame retardants Caution also: BFR · BFRs · Brominated Flame Retardants A class of fire-resistant additives used in plastics and PCBs. Release toxic dioxins and furans when burned, requiring controlled-temperature thermal processing. E-waste bulk consumer bulk consumer Technical also: bulk consumers · bulk user · institutional consumer A regulatory entity class under India's E-Waste Rules — large institutional users like companies, government, banks and hospitals — obliged to channel end-of-life electronics only to registered recyclers. E-waste bulk density bulk density Technical also: apparent density · packing density The mass of material per unit volume including air spaces; indicates how tightly digestate is packed. CBG

C:N ratio C:N ratio Acronym also: C:N ratio · Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio · C/N ratio · C:N Carbon to Nitrogen ratio — a shorthand notation for the proportional balance of these two elements in digestate. CBG cadmium cadmium Caution also: Cd · cadmium toxicity · NiCd cadmium · cadmium in batteries A toxic, carcinogenic heavy metal found in older NiCd batteries and CRT screen layers. Triggers hazardous-waste handling rules. E-waste Li-ion Battery CAGR CAGR Acronym also: Compound Annual Growth Rate · compounded annual growth rate · CAGR meaning Compound Annual Growth Rate — measures the average annual growth rate of an investment or market over a specified period. General Calcination Calcination Technical also: calcining · calcine · thermal calcination Thermal treatment that drives off volatile or chemically combined moisture from minerals or ores; major source of particulate emissions in cement and aluminium kilns. Li-ion Battery E-waste CBG Plastic (Mech) Tyre Pyrolysis Calorific Value Calorific Value Technical also: CV · GCV · NCV · gross calorific value · net calorific value The amount of heat energy released when a unit of fuel is completely burned, measured in joules per kilogram or similar units. CBG Tyre Pyrolysis CAPEX CAPEX Acronym also: Capital Expenditure · capital cost · capex meaning · fixed capital investment Capital Expenditure — one-time costs for equipment, infrastructure, and facility setup. General capital cost capital cost Metric also: capex · capital expenditure · project capital cost · fixed capital Initial investment required to build the facility, typically measured in millions of pounds for industrial-scale plants CBG E-waste Capital Cost (CAPEX) Capital Cost (CAPEX) Acronym also: Capital Cost (CAPEX) · CAPEX · Capital Expenditure · capex · capital investment CAPEX — the money required to purchase or upgrade physical assets like equipment and facilities needed to start operations. General carbon credits carbon credits Regulatory also: carbon credit · CER · VCS · verified emission reduction · carbon offset Tradable certificates representing emissions reductions or avoidance, often earned through waste-to-energy projects. General Carbon Monoxide Carbon Monoxide Technical also: Carbon Monoxide · CO · carbon monoxide gas · CO emission · CO poisoning A colorless, odorless toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion of fuel; a major air pollutant from vehicles. General Carbon to Nitrogen ratio Carbon to Nitrogen ratio Technical also: C:N ratio · Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio · CN ratio biogas The proportion of carbon to nitrogen in digestate — a critical parameter for optimizing biogas production in anaerobic systems. CBG Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio Metric also: Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio · C:N ratio · C/N ratio · CN ratio · carbon nitrogen ratio · 20:1 to 30:1 The proportion of carbon to nitrogen in feedstock; typically optimal at 20-30:1 for anaerobic digestion performance. CBG Category A Category A Regulatory also: Category A · Category A project · Category A EIA · central level EC Project category requiring Environmental Clearance from the Central Government (MoEFCC) based on Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) recommendations — applies to larger / higher-impact projects. General Caustic Soda Caustic Soda Technical also: sodium hydroxide · NaOH · caustic soda Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Wastewater benchmarks: 1 m³/tonne for membrane cell process, 4 m³/tonne for mercury cell (with 10% cooling tower blowdown permitted). Plastic (Mech) CBG E-waste Li-ion Battery Plastic (Chem) CBG CBG Acronym also: CBG · bio-CNG · biomethane · compressed biomethane Compressed Biogas - methane gas compressed for use as vehicle fuel or cooking gas CBG CCS CCS Acronym also: CCS · carbon capture · CO2 capture and storage · CCS technology Carbon Capture and Storage — technology for capturing CO₂ and permanently storing it to prevent atmospheric release. CBG CE CE Regulatory also: CE · CE marking · CE mark · Conformité Européenne · CE certification Conformité Européenne — a mark indicating a product meets EU health, safety, and environmental standards. The minimum compliance mark for industrial machinery sold or operated in the EU. General cellulose cellulose Technical also: lignocellulose · cellulosic biomass The main structural polymer in plant cell walls, composed of glucose chains CBG CEMS CEMS Acronym also: CEMS · CEMS meaning · stack monitoring system · Online CEMS Continuous Emission Monitoring System — real-time stack monitoring of pollutants (SOx, NOx, particulates); mandatory for many e-waste smelting / refining operations. General Central Pollution Control Board Central Pollution Control Board Regulatory also: CPCB · Central PCB Central Pollution Control Board — the national apex body under the Ministry of Environment that frames pollution control policies and classifies industrial categories. General Centrifugal pump Centrifugal pump Technical also: Centrifugal pump · centrifugal water pump · impeller pump · volute pump A pump that uses rotating impellers to move fluid outward from the center, creating pressure to move liquids through pipes. General Centrifugal Slurry Pump Centrifugal Slurry Pump Technical also: centrifugal slurry pump · submersible slurry pump A pump that uses rotating impellers to move fluid outward by centrifugal force, commonly used for transferring slurries with moderate solids content. CBG centrifuges centrifuges Technical also: centrifuges · centrifuge · decanter centrifuge · solid-liquid separator centrifuge Rotating machines that use centrifugal force to separate solids from liquids in digestate treatment. CBG certification certification Regulatory also: product certification · third-party certification · certified organic · certified recycled Official verification that digestate meets quality and safety standards set by regulatory bodies, critical for farmer trust and market acceptance. CBG E-waste CFC CFC Caution also: CFC · CFCs · Chlorofluorocarbon · ozone-depleting refrigerant Chlorofluorocarbon — an ozone-depleting refrigerant used in old air-conditioners and refrigerators (pre-1995). Requires Montreal Protocol-compliant recovery. E-waste CFL CFL Acronym also: CFL · CFLs · Compact Fluorescent Lamp · compact fluorescent · energy saving bulb · fluorescent bulb Compact Fluorescent Lamp — a screw-in fluorescent lightbulb containing mercury vapour. Subject to mandatory hazardous-lamp recycling. E-waste CGD CGD Acronym also: CGD · CGD network · city gas network · piped gas distribution City Gas Distribution — a piped gas network infrastructure that delivers gas directly to homes and businesses. CBG CGTMSE CGTMSE Regulatory also: Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises · credit guarantee scheme · CGTMSE guarantee Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises — a GoI/SIDBI trust that guarantees collateral-free loans to MSMEs from banks, enabling recycling entrepreneurs to access term loans without pledging personal assets. General Chemical Oxygen Demand Chemical Oxygen Demand Metric also: COD · chemical oxygen demand test Total oxygen needed to chemically oxidise pollutants in wastewater, including non-biodegradable substances. Inland surface water limit: 250 mg/L. Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) CBG Li-ion Battery chemical recycling chemical recycling Technical also: advanced recycling · feedstock recycling · plastic-to-monomer Recycling process that chemically breaks polymer chains into monomers, fuels, or feedstock chemicals — enabling recycling of mixed or contaminated plastics that cannot be mechanically processed. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis Chemiluminescence Chemiluminescence Technical also: chemiluminescence analyser · CLD · chemiluminescent method Analytical technique that measures NO₂, NH₃ or ozone by detecting light emitted from a controlled chemical reaction with the pollutant. General Chlorine Chlorine Caution also: Cl2 · chlorine gas · Cl₂ Pungent greenish-yellow gas used in chemical industries; corrosive to lungs even at low concentrations. Stack emission limit: 15 mg/Nm³. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis Tyre Recycling CBG CHP CHP Acronym also: CHP · Combined Heat and Power · cogeneration · combined heat power Combined Heat & Power — simultaneous generation of electricity and usable heat from a single fuel source. CBG Chromium Chromium Caution also: chromium · Cr · total chromium Toxic heavy metal (Cr). Inland surface water limit: 2.0 mg/L total chromium, 0.1 mg/L hexavalent chromium. Hexavalent Cr (Cr6+) is the more carcinogenic form. E-waste Li-ion Battery Plastic (Mech) Tyre Recycling CBG CH₄ percentage CH₄ percentage Metric also: CH₄ percentage · % CH₄ · methane percentage · methane content · methane concentration Measures the concentration of methane in the gas stream; higher percentages indicate better quality biogas suitable for energy applications. CBG circular economy circular economy Technical An economic model focused on minimizing waste and maximizing resource use by keeping materials in use for as long as possible. General cleaner fuel cleaner fuel Caution also: clean fuel · cleaner burning fuel · low-emission fuel Relative to fossil fuels like LPG and diesel, but 'cleaner' is context-dependent and may refer to lower emissions or reduced pollutants. CBG clog clog Caution also: clogging · blockage · pipe clog · pump clog Very fine particles from excessive grinding can accumulate and block pipes or pump systems—size reduction must balance efficiency with particle size control. CBG CNG CNG Acronym also: CNG · CNG fuel · vehicle CNG · natural gas fuel Compressed Natural Gas - natural gas stored under high pressure as a fuel for vehicles. CBG COD COD Metric also: COD · COD meaning · COD in wastewater · COD test Chemical Oxygen Demand — total oxidisable material in wastewater; effluent limit is typically 250 mg/L for inland discharge. General Coke Oven Coke Oven Technical also: coke ovens · coking oven · metallurgical coke oven Sealed oven that bakes coal at high temperature to produce metallurgical coke; a significant source of carbon monoxide and aromatic hydrocarbon emissions. Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis Tyre Recycling Plastic (Chem) Plastic (Mech) compete with food or fodder use compete with food or fodder use Caution also: food vs fuel competition · food-fodder-fuel conflict Using crops for biogas may conflict with food security as these crops are also used for human consumption or animal feed CBG competent authority competent authority Technical also: designated authority · appropriate authority · authority The specific government body or official legally empowered to grant a permission or enforce a particular rule. General composted composted Technical also: composted digestate · co-composted Decomposed through a controlled aerobic process to create stable, humus-rich material suitable for soil enrichment. CBG composting composting Technical also: composting · aerobic composting · compost pile Aerobic decomposition of organic matter to stabilize digestate and create a soil amendment product. CBG Compressed Natural Gas Compressed Natural Gas Technical also: Compressed Natural Gas · CNG · bio-CNG · natural gas vehicle fuel · CNG fuel A gaseous fuel produced by compressing natural gas to less than 1% of its volume at standard atmospheric pressure, making it suitable for vehicle and energy applications. CBG compressor compressor Technical also: compressor · gas compressor · CNG compressor · biogas compressor · multi-stage compressor A mechanical device that increases air pressure and volume, commonly used in HVAC systems to circulate refrigerant and regulate temperature. CBG consent consent Regulatory also: consent · CTE/CTO · pollution consent Consent to Establish (CTE) and Consent to Operate (CTO) issued by the SPCB under the Water and Air Acts, imposing site-specific effluent and emission conditions. General consent fee consent fee Metric also: consent fee · CTE fee · CTO fee · SPCB consent fee · pollution control board fee The fee charged by State Pollution Control Boards for granting Consent to Establish or Consent to Operate — capped by the Second Schedule and set by State governments. General Consent to Establish Consent to Establish Acronym also: CTE · CTE meaning · CTE environmental · consent to establish factory India Consent to Establish — a regulatory approval issued by the State Pollution Control Board allowing an industrial plant to be set up at a specific location. General Consent to Operate Consent to Operate Acronym also: CTO · CTO pollution control · CTE/CTO · consent to operate India Consent to Operate — the formal approval an industrial plant must obtain from the State Pollution Control Board before commencing regular operations. General Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) Technical also: CSTR · Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor · continuous stirred reactor A bioreactor design where feedstock continuously enters while thoroughly mixed digestate exits, maintaining uniform conditions. CBG Copper Copper Caution also: copper · Cu · copper effluent Heavy metal (Cu) — toxic to aquatic life at low concentrations. Inland surface water and public sewers limit: 3.0 mg/L. E-waste Li-ion Battery Plastic (Mech) Tyre Recycling CBG cost-competitive cost-competitive Caution also: cost competitive · economically competitive · price competitive CBG Capable of competing on price in the market; note that competitiveness depends on including revenue from by-products in the calculation. CBG CPCB CPCB Regulatory also: Central Pollution Control Board · CPCB India · Central Pollution Control Board India Central Pollution Control Board — India's apex statutory body for environmental regulation, constituted under the Water Act, 1974. General CPU CPU Acronym also: CPU · Central Processing Unit · processor · microprocessor · chip Central Processing Unit — the main chip in a computer. Contains gold pins/contacts and high-value silicon; a primary recovery target on motherboards. E-waste Critical Raw Materials Critical Raw Materials Technical also: capacitive discharge degausser · CD degausser A regulator-defined list of high-economic-importance metals at supply-chain risk (e.g. cobalt, lithium, rare earths). E-waste is a major potential source. E-waste crop residue crop residue Technical also: agricultural residue · straw · paddy straw · wheat straw Agricultural waste left over after harvesting, such as stalks, leaves, and other plant material. CBG CRT CRT Acronym also: CRT · CRT monitor · CRT TV · CRT glass · cathode ray tube display Cathode Ray Tube — the bulky glass component in old televisions and monitors; contains leaded glass and requires specialised hazardous-waste handling. E-waste crusher/shredder crusher/shredder Technical also: crusher/shredder · shredder · crusher · industrial shredder · pre-shredder Equipment that breaks down solid waste into smaller particles to improve digestion efficiency CBG Plastic (Mech) E-waste Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis CSTR CSTR Technical also: Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor · CSTR digester · continuous stirred tank reactor Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor — a digester design with constant mixing that maintains uniform conditions throughout the vessel. CBG CTE CTE Acronym also: CTE · CTE full form · Consent to Establish meaning Consent to Establish — a regulatory approval issued by the State Pollution Control Board allowing an industrial plant to be set up at a specific location. General CTE/CTO CTE/CTO Acronym also: CTE · CTO · Consent to Establish · Consent to Operate · CTE and CTO · Consent to Establish and Consent to Operate Consent to Establish / Consent to Operate — the twin regulatory approvals required from a State Pollution Control Board to set up and run an industrial plant. General CTO CTO Acronym also: CTO · CTO full form · CTE/CTO · operating consent Consent to Operate — the formal approval an industrial plant must obtain from the State Pollution Control Board before commencing regular operations. General Cupola Cupola Technical also: cupola furnace · foundry cupola · iron cupola Vertical shaft furnace used in iron foundries to melt scrap iron with coke; emits particulate matter and CO that must be captured before release. E-waste Tyre Recycling Plastic (Mech) Li-ion Battery CBG Cyanide Cyanide Caution also: cyanide · CN · cyanide ion Highly toxic CN ion from electroplating, mining and chemical industries. Inland surface water limit: 0.2 mg/L; public sewers 2.0 mg/L. E-waste Li-ion Battery Plastic (Chem) Plastic (Mech) CBG Cyclic / batch Cyclic / batch Technical also: batch pyrolysis · continuous pyrolysis · cyclic batch operation A process mode where operation occurs in repeated cycles or discrete batches, rather than continuously. Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis

DAP DAP Acronym also: Diammonium Phosphate · DAP fertilizer Diammonium Phosphate — a synthetic fertilizer containing nitrogen and phosphorus for crop nutrition. CBG dB(A) dB(A) Metric also: dB(A) · dBA · A-weighted decibels · decibels A-weighted · noise level dB(A) Decibels weighted on the A-scale — measures noise as perceived by the human ear. Industrial-zone limit is 75 dB(A) day, 70 dB(A) night. General DEAC DEAC Acronym also: DEAC · District Expert Appraisal Committee · district appraisal committee District Expert Appraisal Committee — district-level expert committee that examines Category B2 minor-mineral mining projects and recommends to the DEIAA. General degausser degausser Technical also: degausser · degausser machine · magnetic degausser · hard drive degausser A machine that subjects a hard drive to a strong, alternating magnetic field, scrambling all stored data permanently. Works on magnetic media (HDDs) only; ineffective on SSDs. E-waste DEIAA DEIAA Acronym also: District Environment Impact Assessment Authority · District Environmental Clearance Authority District Environment Impact Assessment Authority — district-level authority that grants Environmental Clearance for Category B2 minor-mineral mining projects with lease area ≤ 5 hectares. General densifier densifier Technical also: plastic film densifier · agglomerator · film compactor A machine that compacts loose plastic film or foam (LDPE, EPS) from 10–50 kg/m³ to 250–500 kg/m³ using friction heat or screw compression, making collection and transport economical. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis density separation density separation Technical also: sink-float separation · gravity separation · sink float · density sorting A mechanical sorting method that splits shredded e-waste or plastics by relative density — usually in a liquid (sink-float) or air — so lighter and heavier materials separate cleanly. E-waste Plastic (Mech) Tyre Recycling Density: About 1.5 times heavier than air Density: About 1.5 times heavier than air Metric also: CO2 density relative to air · heavier than air gas This gas is 1.5 times denser than atmospheric air, meaning it will sink and accumulate in low areas. CBG depolymerisation depolymerisation Technical also: Depolymerization · chemical depolymerisation · plastic-to-monomer · glycolysis · methanolysis Chemical process that breaks plastic polymers back into monomers (e.g. TPA + EG from PET), enabling production of virgin-quality recycled resin — contrasted with pyrolysis, which produces mixed fuel oil. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis designated authority designated authority Technical also: competent authority · designated officer · notified authority The government body or officer specifically named by a law or notification to exercise a particular power or enforce a rule. General Dewatered Dewatered Technical also: Dewatered · digestate dewatering · solid-liquid separation Process of removing water or moisture content from a material to reduce volume and improve handling characteristics. CBG Diesel Generator (DG) sets Diesel Generator (DG) sets Technical also: DG set · diesel generator set · DG sets · genset A self-contained backup power unit pairing a diesel engine with an alternator, used during grid outages; subject to CPCB noise and emission norms. General digestate digestate Technical also: anaerobic digestate · digested slurry · biogas plant effluent · LFOM raw form The nutrient-rich solid or semi-solid residue left after anaerobic digestion of organic material, used as fertilizer or soil amendment. CBG Digestate quality Digestate quality Technical also: digestate quality · digestate · anaerobic digestate · biogas digestate · digestate composition The composition and characteristics of the solid/liquid residue remaining after anaerobic digestion, which determines its suitability for land application or further processing. CBG digester souring digester souring Caution also: souring · acid accumulation digester · process acidification · sour digester A critical failure mode where excessive acid accumulation drops pH to dangerous levels, potentially causing irreversible damage to microbial populations. CBG dioxins dioxins Caution also: PCDD · polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins · dioxin emissions · chlorinated dioxins A class of toxic, persistent organic pollutants formed when chlorinated or brominated organics (including flame retardants and PVC) are burned at uncontrolled temperatures. E-waste Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis dismantling dismantling Technical also: manual dismantling · teardown · e-waste dismantling · disassembly The manual or semi-automated teardown of end-of-life electronics into separate fractions — circuit boards, metals, plastics and hazardous parts — so each can be recovered or disposed of correctly. E-waste disperses disperses Caution also: dispersal · even distribution · digestate dispersion Note: While this gas disperses quickly in air if leaked, proper containment and handling procedures are still essential for safety. CBG disposal challenge disposal challenge Caution also: digestate disposal · liquid waste disposal · waste disposal problem Digestate can become an expensive and environmentally problematic waste management issue if not properly handled and utilized. CBG Dissolved Phosphates Dissolved Phosphates Metric also: dissolved phosphate · phosphate as P · dissolved phosphates Phosphate as P in soluble form — promotes algal bloom (eutrophication) in receiving waters. Inland surface water limit: 5.0 mg/L. CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) E-waste distillation distillation Technical also: fractional distillation · oil distillation · pyrolysis oil distillation A clean-up step that separates the crude pyrolysis oil into narrower, higher-value fractions, giving a cleaner diesel-like fuel that sells for more. Plastic (Chem) Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis Distillery Distillery Technical also: distillery · alcohol distillery · molasses distillery Alcohol-manufacturing facility (typically from molasses or grain). Wastewater benchmark: 12 m³ per kilolitre of alcohol. Spent wash is highly polluting with very high BOD/COD. CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) E-waste DM DM Acronym also: DM · dry matter content · DM percentage · Dry Matter (DM) Dry Matter — the solid content of digestate remaining after water removal, expressed as a percentage of total weight. CBG Dosing Accuracy Dosing Accuracy Metric also: dosing precision · pump dosing accuracy · metering accuracy The precision with which a pump can deliver a specific volume of fluid over time, critical for controlled chemical or material feeding. CBG Double-membrane gas holders Double-membrane gas holders Technical also: biogas storage tank · double-membrane gas holder · gas balloon Flexible storage vessels with two layers of membrane material that expand and contract to buffer fluctuations in biogas production while preventing gas escape. CBG DPR DPR Acronym also: Detailed Project Report · project report · bankable project report Detailed Project Report — the comprehensive technical and financial document submitted to Indian banks and government agencies to appraise a new industrial project for loan or subsidy approval. General drip or sprinkler irrigation drip or sprinkler irrigation Technical also: drip irrigation · sprinkler irrigation · fertigation Efficient watering methods that deliver water and nutrients directly to plant roots (drip) or over the foliage (sprinkler), minimizing waste. CBG Dry Matter Dry Matter Technical also: DM · Dry Matter (DM) · dry matter content The mass of a substance after all water has been removed, used to measure the solid content of soil or compost. CBG Dry Matter (DM) Dry Matter (DM) Metric also: Dry Matter · DM · Dry Matter (DM) · dry weight · dry matter content The solid portion of a material remaining after all water has been removed; used to measure the concentration of solids in digestate and other organic materials. CBG DSCR DSCR Metric also: Debt Service Coverage Ratio · debt coverage ratio · loan repayment ratio Debt Service Coverage Ratio — Net Operating Income divided by annual loan repayment obligations. Banks require DSCR ≥ 1.25 for most recycling project loans in India. General

E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 Regulatory also: E-Waste Rules 2022 · E-Waste Management Rules · EWM Rules 2022 India's current e-waste regulatory framework, notified by MoEFCC in November 2022. Mandates registration on the CPCB portal, EPR targets, and certificate trading. E-waste E. coli E. coli Technical also: Escherichia coli · faecal indicator bacteria A bacterium commonly found in animal waste that can cause serious health issues if not properly eliminated. CBG EAC EAC Acronym also: EAC · EAC full form · Central EAC · Expert Appraisal Committee EIA Expert Appraisal Committee — committee of subject experts that scrutinises EIA reports and recommends clearance conditions. General ED-XRF ED-XRF Acronym also: energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence · ED XRF · EDXRF Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence — non-destructive technique used to measure lead and other metals on collected air filters. E-waste Plastic (Mech) Li-ion Battery Tyre Recycling CBG Eddy current separator Eddy current separator Technical also: eddy current separator · ECS · non-ferrous metal separator · eddy current An induction-based separator that ejects non-ferrous metals (aluminium, copper) from a feed stream — critical for clean metal recovery in e-waste lines. Plastic (Mech) E-waste EEE EEE Acronym also: EEE · EEE meaning · electrical equipment e-waste · electronic equipment Electrical and Electronic Equipment — the regulatory scope of the E-Waste Rules; covers products listed in Schedule I such as IT equipment, consumer electronics, and lighting. E-waste effluent effluent Technical also: effluent · industrial effluent · trade effluent · wastewater discharge · liquid waste Liquid waste or discharge, typically containing dissolved or suspended substances, produced as a byproduct of an industrial or biological process. General Effluent Discharge Standards Effluent Discharge Standards Regulatory also: effluent standards · discharge standards · effluent discharge norms Legally prescribed limits on pollutant concentrations (BOD, COD, suspended solids, pH, heavy metals, etc.) that treated effluent must meet before discharge. General Effluent Treatment Plant Effluent Treatment Plant Technical also: ETP · ETP meaning · industrial ETP · effluent treatment plant India A facility that treats industrial wastewater (effluent) to remove pollutants before discharge — its design and flow diagram are part of the project report submitted with consent applications. General EIA EIA Acronym also: EIA · EIA report · EIA study · Prior Environmental Clearance Environmental Impact Assessment — a study evaluating the likely environmental effects of a proposed project, required for projects falling under the EIA Notification, 2006. General EIA Notification 2006 EIA Notification 2006 Regulatory also: S.O. 1533 · EIA Notification · S.O. 1533(E) · MoEFCC EIA 2006 S.O. 1533 dated 14th September 2006 — the central rule that requires prior Environmental Clearance for listed project categories, defines screening / scoping / public consultation / appraisal stages, and lists exemptions. General Electrical Conductivity Electrical Conductivity Technical also: EC · dS/m · conductivity A measure of a material's ability to conduct electric current, used to assess the concentration of dissolved salts in a solution. CBG Electrical Conductivity (1.0 – 10.0 dS/m) Electrical Conductivity (1.0 – 10.0 dS/m) Metric also: EC 1.0–10.0 dS/m · digestate salinity range Measures the concentration of dissolved salts in the digestate; high values can inhibit plant growth and require careful application rates. CBG Emission Emission Technical also: air emission · stack emission · emissions Release of pollutants into the air from a source such as a stack, chimney, vent, engine, or processing unit, regulated under the Air Act 1981. General Emission Standards Emission Standards Regulatory also: air emission standards · stack emission limits · emission norms Legally prescribed limits on the maximum allowable concentration or quantity of pollutants that may be released into the atmosphere. General EMP EMP Acronym also: EMP · EMP in EIA · Environmental Management Programme Environmental Management Plan — the part of an EIA Report that explains how environmental protection measures will be implemented and managed. General Energy crops Energy crops Technical also: dedicated energy crops · bioenergy crops Crops specifically grown for energy production rather than food, including fast-growing grasses, trees, and algae CBG engine modification engine modification Caution also: no engine modification · CNG engine compatibility · vehicle modification CBG No changes to engine hardware or software are needed — Bio-CNG works with existing CNG-equipped engines as-is. CBG Ensiling Ensiling Technical also: silage making · fermentation preservation The process of preserving chopped crops in an oxygen-free environment through fermentation CBG Entire plant is used, with high moisture content Entire plant is used, with high moisture content Caution also: whole plant harvest · high moisture energy crop Fresh biomass contains significant water weight which affects storage, transport costs, and energy density calculations CBG Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Technical also: EP Act · EPA 1986 · Environment Protection Act India's umbrella environmental law; the parent Act under which the Noise Rules, hazardous-waste rules and plastic-waste rules are framed. General environmental clearance environmental clearance Regulatory also: EC · Prior Environmental Clearance · Prior EC · environmental clearance India An approval issued under the Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 — required only for projects falling within the scope of the EIA Notification. General Environmental Compensation Environmental Compensation Regulatory also: EPR penalty · EC under EPR · EPR fine · e-waste environmental compensation A monetary penalty levied under the EPR Rules when a producer or recycler fails to meet collection or recycling targets, calculated per-tonne of shortfall. Plastic (Mech) E-waste Li-ion Battery Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management Plan Regulatory also: EMP · EMP in EIA · EMP environmental A required section of the EIA Report covering roles and responsibilities, monitoring systems, reporting, corrective actions, and post-approval compliance measures. General Environmental Statement Environmental Statement Regulatory also: Environmental return · EP Rules environmental statement · Form V environmental statement A yearly report submitted under the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 covering a plant's waste generation, resource use, and pollution control measures. General EOR EOR Acronym also: EOR · Enhanced Oil Recovery · CO2 enhanced oil recovery · tertiary oil recovery Enhanced Oil Recovery — a technique that injects CO₂ into oil reservoirs to increase extraction efficiency and improve yield. CBG EPR EPR Acronym also: EPR · EPR compliance · EPR framework · EPR Certificate · producer responsibility Extended Producer Responsibility — a regulatory framework that holds producers responsible for the entire lifecycle of their products, including end-of-life collection and recycling. Plastic (Mech) E-waste Li-ion Battery EPR Certificate EPR Certificate Regulatory also: EPR credit · e-waste EPR certificate · CPCB EPR certificate · EPR compliance certificate A tradeable digital credit issued on the CPCB portal when a registered recycler processes e-waste; producers buy these to meet their annual recycling targets. Plastic (Mech) E-waste Li-ion Battery ETP ETP Acronym also: ETP · ETP meaning · industrial wastewater treatment plant · ETP plant Effluent Treatment Plant — facility that treats industrial wastewater to bring it within discharge standards before release to environment. General exhaust muffler exhaust muffler Technical also: silencer · exhaust silencer · muffler A silencer fitted to an engine exhaust to reduce combustion-gas noise; works with the acoustic enclosure on a DG set. General Expert Appraisal Committee Expert Appraisal Committee Regulatory also: EAC · EAC EIA India · Expert Appraisal Committee MoEFCC A central-government committee of subject experts that reviews EIA reports and recommends Environmental Clearance conditions for Category A projects. General

Factories Act, 1948 Factories Act, 1948 Regulatory also: Factories Act · Factories Act India · Factory Act 1948 India's primary occupational health and safety law for manufacturing units; defines licensing, working hours, hazardous-process duties, and welfare requirements for factory occupiers. General Feedstock Feedstock Technical also: raw material · input material · feed material · process feed Raw materials fed into the anaerobic digestion process, typically organic waste streams from industrial or agricultural sources General feedstock composition feedstock composition Technical also: feedstock composition · feedstock · input material mix · digester feed mix The specific mixture and proportion of input materials (waste types) fed into the digester to maintain required nutrient levels and digestive performance. CBG Fermentation Industry Fermentation Industry Technical also: fermentation industry · fermentation industries · alcohol fermentation industry Industries producing alcohol, beer or related products via microbial fermentation — covers maltry, brewery and distillery operations with industry-specific benchmarks. CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) E-waste ferrous metals ferrous metals Technical also: ferrous metal · ferrous scrap · iron-based metals · magnetic metals Iron-based metals — mild steel, stainless steel and cast iron — that are magnetic and form the heaviest recyclable fraction of e-waste. Separated with magnets and sold to steel mills. E-waste Plastic (Mech) Tyre Recycling Fertilizer Fertilizer Technical also: fertilizer · fertiliser · fertilizer industry Plant-nutrient manufacturing. Wastewater benchmarks: 5 m³/tonne for straight nitrogenous (urea), 0.5 m³/tonne for straight phosphatic (SSP/TSP); complex grades follow the primary product. CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) E-waste financially viable financially viable Caution also: financially viable project · project viability · economic viability CBG A project becomes financially viable when revenues exceed costs and generate acceptable returns — digestate sales often make the critical difference between profit and loss. CBG E-waste Tyre Pyrolysis First Schedule First Schedule Regulatory also: First Schedule · First Schedule consent guidelines · Form I consent · Form II consent The schedule appended to the 2025 consent guidelines that contains the official application forms (Form I and Form II) and lists the information applicants must provide. General Fluoride Fluoride Caution also: F · fluoride emissions · gaseous fluoride Reactive halogen pollutant from aluminium smelters, phosphate fertilisers and brick kilns; bioaccumulates in plants and bones. Stack emission limit: 25 mg/Nm³. E-waste Plastic (Mech) CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Tyre Pyrolysis Foam Layers Foam Layers Technical also: foaming · digester foam · scum foam Accumulation of gas-entrapped material on the surface of digester contents that can obstruct gas collection and reduce active digestion volume. CBG Food Grade Food Grade Regulatory also: food-grade CO₂ · food grade material · food-grade gas Products certified safe for direct contact with food, meeting strict regulatory standards for purity and contamination limits set by food safety authorities. CBG formal sector formal sector Technical also: organised sector · authorised recyclers · registered recyclers · organized e-waste sector The network of CPCB/SPCB-registered, EPR-compliant e-waste recyclers, dismantlers and refurbishers that process e-waste with pollution controls, safety and documented chain-of-custody. E-waste Plastic (Mech) Li-ion Battery Tyre Recycling Free ammonia Free ammonia Caution also: free ammonia · un-ionised ammonia · NH3 Un-ionised ammonia in water (as NH₃), which is toxic to aquatic life. Inland surface water and marine coastal limit: 5.0 mg/L. CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) E-waste friction washer friction washer Technical also: hot friction washer · plastic friction washer · high-speed washer High-speed turbine washing machine that cleans shredded plastic flake by mechanical friction in hot caustic water — stripping labels, adhesive, and food contamination before extrusion. Core equipment in PET and HDPE recycling lines. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) FSSAI FSSAI Regulatory also: Food Safety and Standards Authority of India · food safety licence · FSSAI licence Food Safety and Standards Authority of India — the statutory body that sets standards for food and food-contact packaging, including migration limits for recycled plastics used in food packaging. CBG Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis fuel efficiency fuel efficiency Metric also: energy efficiency · engine fuel economy · CBG fuel economy A measure of how effectively a fuel is used to produce energy, typically expressed as output per unit of input consumed. CBG fuel standards fuel standards Regulatory also: fuel standards · bio-CNG quality standards · vehicle fuel standards · IS 16087:2016 Technical specifications that biogas must meet to be used as a commercial fuel, including purity, energy content, and contaminant limits. CBG furans furans Caution also: PCDF · polychlorinated dibenzofurans · dioxins and furans · PCDFs Highly toxic byproducts formed alongside dioxins during uncontrolled burning of chlorinated or brominated plastics, including PVC and flame-retarded PCBs. E-waste Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis FYM FYM Acronym also: FYM · Farm Yard Manure · farmyard manure · farm yard manure · dung-based manure Farm Yard Manure — traditional organic fertilizer composed of decomposed animal waste and bedding, widely used by Indian farmers. CBG

GaAs GaAs Acronym also: GaAs · Gallium Arsenide · gallium arsenide semiconductor · GaAs chip Gallium Arsenide — a compound semiconductor used in LEDs, lasers, and high-frequency chips. Contains hazardous arsenic; requires controlled handling. E-waste gallium gallium Technical also: gallium · Ga · gallium metal · critical mineral gallium A critical metal used in semiconductor chips (GaAs) for LEDs, solar cells, and high-frequency electronics. E-waste Gas Flow Rate Gas Flow Rate Metric also: Gas Flow Rate · Biogas Flow Rate · volumetric flow rate · gas throughput · Nm³/hr Volumetric measurement of gas movement per unit time, determining system throughput capacity and processing efficiency. CBG gas production speed and yield gas production speed and yield Metric also: biogas production rate · gas yield rate · daily gas output Speed refers to how quickly biogas is generated; yield is the total amount of biogas produced from a given feedstock. CBG gas yield gas yield Metric also: gas yield · biogas yield · biogas yields · gas output · specific gas yield · volumetric gas yield The volume of biogas produced per unit of feedstock input, typically measured in cubic meters per kilogram of organic matter. CBG gauss gauss Metric also: gauss · oersted · Oe · G (gauss) · magnetic flux density unit A unit of magnetic flux density (1 tesla = 10,000 gauss). Degausser strength is specified in gauss or oersted; a typical NIST-compliant degausser produces 15,000-20,000 gauss. E-waste GDPR GDPR Regulatory also: GDPR · General Data Protection Regulation · EU data protection law · GDPR data destruction General Data Protection Regulation — the EU data-protection law (2018). Mandates secure destruction of personal data, making certified HDD destruction or degaussing essential for e-waste handlers serving EU clients. E-waste GGE GGE Acronym also: Gallon Gasoline Equivalent · GGE unit Gallon Gasoline Equivalent — a standard unit for comparing energy content of alternative fuels to gasoline. CBG Government Subsidies Government Subsidies Regulatory also: government support · financial incentives · capital subsidy Financial assistance or incentives provided by government bodies to support project implementation and reduce capital burden. General government support government support Regulatory also: government subsidies · policy support · government incentives · fertilizer support programs Policy mechanisms such as subsidies, tax incentives, or mandatory blending requirements that governments implement to promote digestate market adoption and viability. CBG E-waste GPU GPU Acronym also: GPU · GPUs · Graphics Processing Unit · graphics card · video card Graphics Processing Unit — a high-end chip used in gaming computers and AI training. Dense source of gold, copper, and rare earth elements. E-waste grain harvest grain harvest Caution also: grain crop harvest · cereal grain harvest timing This represents secondary yield after primary grain harvest, so total plant productivity is higher than this figure CBG Gram Panchayat Gram Panchayat Regulatory also: Gram Panchayat · GP · village panchayat · panchayat · gram sabha The lowest tier of rural local government in India, with jurisdiction over a village or group of villages. Certain customary extraction activities within Gram Panchayat boundaries are exempt from prior Environmental Clearance. General granulation granulation Technical also: granulating · plastic granules · regrind The extrusion and cutting process that converts recycled plastic flake into uniform pellets (granules) — the final value-add step in mechanical recycling and the commercial product sold to plastic manufacturers. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis Granulator Granulator Technical also: granulator · granulating machine · secondary shredder · plastic granulator A high-speed shredder that produces uniform-sized particles (typically 5-20mm), enabling clean separation of metals, plastics, and circuit fragments. Plastic (Mech) E-waste Gravimetric Gravimetric Technical also: gravimetric method · gravimetric analysis · filter weighing method Reference method for particulate matter measurement: ambient air is drawn through a pre-weighed filter and the mass gain is measured to determine concentration. General greenhouse gas greenhouse gas Technical also: GHG · greenhouse gases · GHG emissions · carbon emissions A gas that traps heat in the atmosphere and contributes to climate change; examples include carbon dioxide and methane. General greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse gas emissions Technical also: greenhouse gas emissions · GHG emissions · GHG · carbon emissions · CO2 equivalent Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to climate change, primarily CO₂, methane, and nitrous oxide. General grid outages grid outages Technical also: power cuts · grid outage · power outages · load shedding Temporary interruptions in the public electricity supply; a serious risk for continuous thermal processes, mitigated by backup DG sets. General GSR 84(E) GSR 84(E) Regulatory also: GSR-84(E) · GSR 84E · GSR84E · Consent Guidelines 2025 gazette Gazette notification dated 29 January 2025 issued under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 — establishes the consent framework for CTE and CTO. General GSR-84(E) GSR-84(E) Regulatory also: GSR 84(E) · GSR-84E · 2025 consent guidelines Gazette notification dated 29 January 2025 issued under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 — establishes the consent framework for CTE and CTO. General GST GST Acronym also: Goods and Services Tax · GST India · GST meaning · Goods Services Tax Goods and Services Tax — India's consolidated indirect tax. Most e-waste recycling activities attract 18% GST; some inputs and outputs vary by HSN classification. General

Harvest for silage usually happens before full grain maturity Harvest for silage usually happens before full grain maturity Caution also: silage harvest timing · whole-crop silage harvest stage Early harvest timing is critical for optimal silage quality and sugar content preservation CBG HCFC HCFC Caution also: HCFC · Hydrochlorofluorocarbon · transitional refrigerant · HCFC-22 · R-22 Hydrochlorofluorocarbon — a transitional refrigerant with lower ozone-depletion than CFC but high global-warming potential. Phased out under Montreal Protocol. E-waste HDD HDD Acronym also: HDD · HDDs · Hard Disk Drive · hard disk drives · hard drive Hard Disk Drive — magnetic storage device. Contains a neodymium permanent magnet (rare earth source), aluminium platters, and steel chassis. E-waste HDPE HDPE Technical also: High-Density Polyethylene · HDPE plastic · resin code 2 High-Density Polyethylene (resin code 2) — a rigid thermoplastic used in bottles, drums, and pipes, and one of the highest-value recyclable plastic streams in India. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis Heat exchangers Heat exchangers Technical also: shell and tube heat exchanger · plate heat exchanger Devices that transfer thermal energy between fluids to efficiently heat or cool slurry to target digestion temperature. CBG Tyre Pyrolysis hemicellulose hemicellulose Technical A polysaccharide found in plant cell walls alongside cellulose; easier to break down than cellulose during pre-treatment. CBG hexavalent chromium hexavalent chromium Caution also: Cr6+ · Cr(VI) · chromate coating · hexavalent chromium meaning A toxic, carcinogenic form of chromium used for corrosion protection plating on steel components. Banned in new electronics in many jurisdictions (RoHS). E-waste HFC HFC Caution also: HFC · Hydrofluorocarbon · R-410A · R-32 · high-GWP refrigerant Hydrofluorocarbon — a high-global-warming refrigerant replacing CFCs/HCFCs. Recovery is mandatory to prevent climate emissions. E-waste hidden nutrient deficiencies hidden nutrient deficiencies Caution also: micronutrient deficiency · trace element deficiency · digester nutrition deficit Nutrient shortages that are not visually obvious but still limit crop yield and quality. CBG high carbon high carbon Caution also: high-carbon feedstock · carbon-rich material · high C:N feedstock Materials with high carbon content decompose slowly and require nitrogen-rich materials to balance the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio for effective composting. CBG High fat or protein content High fat or protein content Caution also: high fat feedstock · high protein feedstock · fat inhibition biogas These factors can negatively impact product quality or processing efficiency; proper formulation and control are essential to avoid complications. CBG high nitrogen high nitrogen Caution also: high-nitrogen feedstock · nitrogen-rich material · low C:N feedstock · ammonia-prone feedstock Nitrogen-rich materials accelerate decomposition; mixing with carbon-rich materials creates optimal conditions for composting and nutrient cycling. CBG HIPAA HIPAA Regulatory also: HIPAA · Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act · HIPAA compliance · medical data destruction Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act — US law governing patient medical records. Requires certified destruction of any storage media that held protected health information. E-waste HPLC HPLC Acronym also: high-performance liquid chromatography · high performance liquid chromatography · HPLC analysis High-Performance Liquid Chromatography — laboratory technique used for measuring benzo(a)pyrene and other heavy organic pollutants after solvent extraction. Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis Tyre Recycling Plastic (Chem) Plastic (Mech) HRC HRC Acronym also: HRC · Rockwell C · Rockwell hardness · HRC scale · Rockwell C hardness Rockwell C hardness scale — the standard hardness measure for industrial blades and bearings. Shredder blades are typically HRC 58-60 (very hard, low-impact toughness). E-waste Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis HRT HRT Acronym also: HRT · HRT biogas · digester retention time · residence time Hydraulic Retention Time — the average time that material spends inside the digestion tank; shorter HRT means faster processing and smaller reactor volume. CBG HSN HSN Acronym also: Harmonised System of Nomenclature · HSN code · SAC code · HS code Harmonised System of Nomenclature — a six-to-eight-digit international product classification code used for GST and customs. General HVAC HVAC Acronym also: HVAC · Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning · air conditioning system · climate control system · HVAC unit Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning — building climate-control systems. E-waste source for copper coils, steel chassis, refrigerants, and motor windings. E-waste hydraulic retention time hydraulic retention time Technical also: HRT · HRT in biogas · Hydraulic Retention Time · retention time digester The average duration that feed material stays in the digester; longer retention allows more complete breakdown but requires larger reactor volume. CBG Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) Technical also: HRT · Hydraulic Retention Time · retention time · digester retention time · hydraulic residence time The average time organic material spends inside the digester before exiting — a critical parameter for balancing digester size and biogas production efficiency. CBG Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid Caution also: HCl · hydrogen chloride · muriatic acid Highly corrosive acid (HCl) released as vapour or mist from chemical and metal-treatment processes. Stack emission limit: 35 mg/Nm³. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis Tyre Recycling CBG hydrogen sulfide hydrogen sulfide Technical also: hydrogen sulfide · H₂S · hydrogen sulphide · H2S · rotten egg gas A corrosive and odorous compound (H₂S) commonly found in biogas that must be removed to prevent equipment damage and emissions. CBG Hydrolysis Hydrolysis Technical also: hydrolysis stage · enzymatic hydrolysis · stage 1 AD · hydrolytic stage The breakdown of large organic materials into smaller, soluble compounds using water and enzymatic action. CBG

IC IC Acronym also: IC · ICs · Integrated Circuit · integrated circuits · chip · microchip Integrated Circuit — a miniaturised electronic circuit on a semiconductor wafer (chip). The richest source of gold (wire bonds) and the densest precious-metal fraction in e-waste. E-waste IGBT IGBT Acronym also: IGBT · Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor · power semiconductor module · IGBT module Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor — a high-power semiconductor used in industrial inverters, welding machines, and EV chargers. High-value PCB component. E-waste Indicative Indicative Caution also: indicative figures · indicative values · planning estimate These figures are approximate and for reference only—not binding or guaranteed; actual costs may vary. CBG indium indium Technical also: indium · In · indium metal · critical mineral indium A critical, scarce metal used in transparent conductive coatings (ITO) on LCD/touchscreen displays. Recovery from screens is technically demanding but strategically important. E-waste industrial wastewater industrial wastewater Technical also: industrial wastewater · industrial effluent · process wastewater Effluent generated by manufacturing or processing activities — typically contains process chemicals, metals, organic load and other contaminants requiring treatment before discharge. General informal sector informal sector Caution also: unorganised sector · informal recyclers · unorganized e-waste sector · informal e-waste sector The network of unregistered collectors, kabadiwalas and backyard recyclers that handles most of India's e-waste outside the licensed EPR system, often using hazardous methods. E-waste Plastic (Mech) Li-ion Battery Tyre Recycling Inhibitory substances Inhibitory substances Caution also: digester inhibitors · AD inhibition · toxic substances biogas · process inhibitors Substances that can slow down or stop the anaerobic digestion process, potentially causing system failure if not managed properly CBG initial investment initial investment Caution also: upfront investment · project capital · startup investment The upfront capital needed before a Bio-CNG plant begins operations — this is a significant financial commitment that affects project feasibility. CBG insertion loss insertion loss Technical also: acoustic insertion loss · noise insertion loss · IL The noise reduction in dB(A) achieved by fitting an enclosure or silencer; CPCB requires at least 25 dB(A) for DG-set enclosures. General Integrated Iron & Steel Integrated Iron & Steel Technical also: integrated iron and steel · integrated steel plant · integrated iron & steel Steel mill that combines ironmaking and steelmaking in one facility. Wastewater benchmark: 16 m³ per tonne of finished steel. E-waste Tyre Recycling Plastic (Mech) CBG Li-ion Battery Iron Iron Metric also: iron · Fe · iron effluent Iron (Fe) in wastewater. Effluent limit: 3 mg/L across most discharge modes. Causes brown staining and odour issues at high concentrations. E-waste Tyre Recycling Plastic (Mech) CBG Li-ion Battery IRR IRR Metric also: Internal Rate of Return · project IRR · equity IRR Internal Rate of Return — the discount rate at which a project's cash flows net to zero, used to measure investment profitability. Indian recycling projects typically target project IRR of 18–28%. General IS 16087:2016 IS 16087:2016 Regulatory also: IS 16087 · bio-CNG quality standard · Indian Standard for bio-CNG · BIS 16087 Indian Standard specification that defines quality and safety requirements for Bio-CNG fuel composition and properties. CBG IS sieve IS sieve Technical also: IS sieve · BIS sieve · standard test sieve Standard test sieve specified by the Bureau of Indian Standards (IS). The 850-micron IS sieve verifies particle size in suspended solids for surface-water discharge. Plastic (Mech) CBG E-waste Tyre Recycling Plastic (Chem) ISO ISO Regulatory also: ISO · International Organization for Standardization · ISO standard · ISO certification International Organization for Standardization - sets global quality, safety, and efficiency standards for industrial equipment General ISO 14001 ISO 14001 Regulatory also: ISO 14001 · ISO 14001:2015 · ISO 14001 certification · EMS certification · environmental management system The international standard for environmental management systems. Vendor ISO 14001 certification covers emissions, waste, and resource use in their own operations. General ISO 9001 ISO 9001 Regulatory also: ISO 9001 · ISO 9001:2015 · ISO 9001 certification · QMS certification The international standard for quality management systems. Vendor ISO 9001 certification indicates documented processes for design, manufacturing, and inspection. General ITC ITC Acronym also: ITC · ITC under GST · input tax credit GST · GST credit Input Tax Credit — under GST, the credit a recycler can claim against GST paid on inputs (machinery, consumables) when computing tax payable on outputs. General ITEW ITEW Acronym also: ITEW · ITEW e-waste · IT equipment waste · telecom equipment waste Information Technology and Telecommunication Equipment Waste — the highest-value e-waste category, including PCs, phones, servers, and network equipment. E-waste ITO ITO Acronym also: ITO · Indium Tin Oxide · indium tin oxide coating · transparent conductive oxide Indium Tin Oxide — the transparent conductive coating on LCD and touchscreen displays. The primary source of recoverable indium in e-waste. E-waste

kabadiwala kabadiwala Technical also: scrap dealer (informal) · kabaadiwala · raddiwala · scrap buyer India's informal itinerant or shop-based scrap buyer who collects dry waste (plastic, paper, metal) from households and businesses — the grassroots link in India's recycling supply chain. General kg VS/m³/day kg VS/m³/day Metric also: Organic Loading Rate · OLR · organic loading rate biogas · volatile solids loading rate Kilograms of volatile solids per cubic meter per day — the standard unit for measuring organic loading intensity in digesters. CBG KLD KLD Metric also: KLD · Kilo Litres per Day · kilolitres per day · kl/day · 1000 litres per day Kilo Litres per Day — a unit measuring liquid flow or sewage generation, equal to 1,000 litres per day. General KVA KVA Metric also: KVA · kVA · Kilovolt-Ampere · kilo volt ampere · apparent power Kilo Volt-Ampere — a unit of apparent electrical power used to rate generators and transformers. General

lakh INR lakh INR Metric also: lakh INR · ₹ lakh · lakh rupees · lakh · 1 lakh · L (in financial context) Indian Rupee, expressed in lakhs (1 lakh = 100,000). A 5 lakh INR machine = ₹500,000 ≈ USD 6,000 at recent exchange rates. General Land for Irrigation Land for Irrigation Regulatory also: irrigation discharge · land disposal of effluent · land for irrigation Use of treated effluent for agricultural land application. Standards differ from surface-water discharge — suspended solids limit is 200 mg/L vs 100 mg/L. CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) E-waste landfill landfill Technical also: sanitary landfill · dump · controlled landfill A designated site where waste is buried or disposed of in the ground, often creating environmental concerns. General LDPE LDPE Technical also: Low-Density Polyethylene · LDPE film · resin code 4 Low-Density Polyethylene (resin code 4) — a soft, flexible thermoplastic used in carry bags and agricultural film, recycled primarily into bin liners, construction sheeting, and lower-grade packaging. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis leaching leaching Caution also: hydrometallurgy · hydrometallurgical leaching · chemical leaching · metal leaching A hydrometallurgical process that dissolves target metals out of crushed e-waste into an aqueous chemical solution using acids, cyanide or other reagents, for later recovery. E-waste Lead Lead Caution also: Pb · lead metal · lead pollution Heavy-metal pollutant (Pb) from smelters, battery manufacture and leaded fuels; cumulative neurotoxin. NAAQS annual limit: 0.50 µg/m³. E-waste Li-ion Battery Plastic (Mech) Plastic Pyrolysis Tyre Pyrolysis leaded glass leaded glass Caution also: CRT funnel glass · lead glass · CRT glass · leaded CRT glass Glass with high lead content used in CRT monitors and TVs. Subject to mandatory hazardous-waste handling; lead can be recovered via specialised glass-cullet smelters. E-waste LED LED Acronym also: LED · LEDs · Light-Emitting Diode · LED lamp · LED bulb · solid-state lighting Light-Emitting Diode — solid-state lighting using GaN or GaAs semiconductors. Contains trace gallium, indium, and rare earth phosphors; mercury-free unlike older lamp types. E-waste Leq Leq Technical also: equivalent continuous sound level · LAeq · Leq dB(A) Equivalent continuous sound level — the steady dB(A) level with the same acoustic energy as a fluctuating noise over a measured period; the metric used in India's noise standards. General LFOM LFOM Acronym also: LFOM · Liquid Fermented Organic Manure · liquid digestate fertilizer · fermented organic manure Liquid Fermented Organic Manure — the liquid form of digestate with enhanced nutrient availability for plant uptake. CBG LHV LHV Acronym also: LHV · Lower Heating Value · lower calorific value · net calorific value · NCV Lower Heating Value — the energy content of fuel excluding the heat from water vapor condensation. CBG life cycle life cycle Technical also: LCA · life cycle analysis The complete environmental impact of a product from raw material extraction through production, distribution, use, and disposal. General lignin lignin Technical A complex polymer that provides structural support to plant cell walls, making them rigid and difficult to decompose CBG Lime Kiln Lime Kiln Technical also: lime kilns · limestone kiln · quicklime kiln Vertical or rotary kiln that converts limestone to quicklime through high-temperature roasting; emits particulate matter and CO₂. CBG Plastic (Mech) E-waste Li-ion Battery Plastic Pyrolysis long-distance transport long-distance transport Caution also: digestate transport cost · long haul digestate · fertilizer transport economics Moving products over large geographical distances; in this context, economically unfeasible due to high water content increasing weight and logistics costs. CBG loudspeaker or public address system loudspeaker or public address system Technical also: loudspeaker · public address system · PA system · loudspeaker permission Sound-amplification equipment whose use requires written permission, is barred 10 p.m.-6 a.m., and is restricted in silence zones under India's Noise Rules. General low-solid content low-solid content Metric also: low solids · dilute digestate · thin liquid fraction Materials containing minimal suspended solids or particles, typically less than 10-15% by weight. CBG LPG LPG Acronym also: LPG · Liquefied Petroleum Gas · cooking gas · cylinder gas · propane-butane mix Liquefied Petroleum Gas - a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances and vehicles. CBG

magnetic separators magnetic separators Technical also: magnetic separators · magnetic separator · overband magnet · drum magnet · ferrous separator Equipment that uses magnetic fields to remove ferrous metal contaminants from feedstock materials. General Maltry Maltry Technical also: maltry · malthouse · malting plant Malting plant where grain is germinated and dried for use in brewing or distilling. Wastewater benchmark: 3.5 m³ per tonne of grain processed. CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) E-waste Manganese Manganese Caution also: manganese · Mn · manganese effluent Heavy metal (Mn). Effluent limit: 2 mg/L across most discharge modes. Causes staining in water at low concentrations and is neurotoxic at high exposure. Li-ion Battery E-waste Plastic (Mech) Tyre Recycling CBG Marine Coastal Areas Marine Coastal Areas Regulatory also: marine coastal discharge · coastal waters · marine coastal areas Sea and estuarine waters where effluent is discharged offshore. Some parameters such as suspended solids and lead have relaxed limits compared to inland surface water. General masterbatch masterbatch Technical also: colour masterbatch · additive masterbatch · MB concentrate Concentrated pigment or additive pellets added at 1–5% to recycled plastic during extrusion to impart colour, UV stabilisation, or other properties — used to upgrade the quality and market value of recycled plastic output. Plastic (Mech) E-waste Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis mechanical recyclers mechanical recyclers Technical also: mechanical recycler · mechanical plastic recyclers · mechanical recycling unit Recyclers that shred, wash and re-melt clean plastic back into new plastic; they reject the dirty, mixed plastics that pyrolysis is built to handle. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis mechanical recycling mechanical recycling Technical also: physical recycling · secondary recycling · mechanical plastic recycling The process of sorting, washing, shredding, and melt-extruding waste plastic into recycled pellets without breaking the polymer's chemical structure — the dominant recycling method for post-consumer plastic in India. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis Membrane cell process Membrane cell process Technical also: membrane cell process · membrane cell · ion-exchange membrane chlor-alkali Modern method for producing caustic soda using ion-exchange membranes — no mercury. Wastewater generation about 1 m³ per tonne, far lower than the mercury-cell route. Plastic (Mech) CBG E-waste Li-ion Battery Plastic (Chem) Membrane Separation Membrane Separation Technical also: Membrane Separation · membrane upgrading · gas permeation membrane · hollow fibre membrane · membrane biogas upgrading A purification process using specialized membranes that selectively allow CO₂ to pass while retaining methane. CBG mercury mercury Caution also: Hg · mercury in e-waste · elemental mercury · mercury vapour A highly toxic heavy metal found in fluorescent tubes, CFLs, tilt switches, and LCD backlights. Bioaccumulates in food chain; lamp recycling requires dedicated mercury-capture equipment. E-waste Mercury cell process Mercury cell process Caution also: mercury cell process · mercury cell · amalgam process chlor-alkali Older caustic-soda route using flowing-mercury electrodes, being phased out worldwide due to mercury contamination. Wastewater benchmark: 4 m³ per tonne (mercury-bearing). E-waste Plastic (Mech) Li-ion Battery CBG Plastic (Chem) Mesophilic Mesophilic Technical also: mesophilic · mesophilic digestion · mesophilic anaerobic digestion · moderate-temperature digestion Microorganism operating range of 30–40°C; preferred for anaerobic digesters due to energy efficiency and process stability. CBG methane methane Technical also: CH4 · natural gas · biogenic methane · CH₄ The primary combustible component of biogas, typically comprising 50-70% of biogas content CBG Methanogenesis Methanogenesis Technical also: methanogenic stage · methane formation · methanogenic archaea activity The final stage where methane-producing microorganisms convert acetate and other compounds into methane and carbon dioxide. CBG mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3 Metric also: mg/Nm3 · milligrams per normal cubic metre · mg per Nm3 Milligrams of pollutant per normal cubic metre of dry flue gas (corrected to 0°C, 1 atm); the standard unit for stack concentration limits in India. General MGNREGS MGNREGS Acronym also: MGNREGA · Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme · NREGS · rural employment guarantee Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme — community works such as cleaning village ponds, road construction, and bunds carried out under MGNREGS are exempt from prior Environmental Clearance. CBG micron micron Metric also: micron · micrometre · μm · micrometer · microns One-thousandth of a millimetre (1 μm). The size scale used to specify dust particles, filter ratings, and fine separation cut-points; modern HEPA filters trap 0.3 μm at 99.97%. General Micronutrient Micronutrient Technical also: trace elements · trace minerals · minor nutrients Essential elements required by plants in small quantities, such as zinc, iron, boron, and manganese, for proper growth. CBG Micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn) Micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn) Technical also: zinc · copper · iron · manganese · trace elements digestate Essential trace elements (zinc, copper, iron, manganese) required in small quantities for enzyme activity and plant metabolism. CBG mixing mixing Caution also: agitation · digester mixing · stirring · slurry mixing In microbial contexts, excessive mechanical mixing or agitation can disrupt cell integrity and metabolic activity, leading to reduced effectiveness. CBG MLD MLD Metric also: MLD · Million Litres per Day · million litres per day · ML/day · 1000 KLD Million Litres per Day — a unit measuring large-scale liquid flow or sewage generation, equal to 1,000 KLD. General MLP MLP Technical also: Multi-Layer Plastic · Multi-Layered Plastic · multilayer packaging · flexible multilayer Multi-Layer Plastic — laminated flexible packaging (chip packets, shampoo sachets) combining multiple polymer layers. Non-recyclable by conventional methods; processed via co-processing, plastic roads, or pyrolysis under India's EPR framework. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis MNRE MNRE Acronym also: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy · Ministry of Renewable Energy India · MNRE scheme Ministry of New and Renewable Energy — India's federal ministry responsible for renewable energy policies and subsidies. CBG MOC MOC Acronym also: Material of Construction · material specification Material of Construction — the physical material selected for building or fabricating equipment. General MoEF MoEF Acronym also: MoEF · MoEFCC · Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change · Ministry of Environment and Forests Ministry of Environment and Forests — the central ministry that frames environmental rules and grants Category A Environmental Clearance. Now renamed MoEFCC. General MoEFCC MoEFCC Acronym also: Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change · MoEF · Environment Ministry India Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change — central ministry that frames environmental rules including the E-Waste Management Rules 2022. General Moisture Content Moisture Content Technical also: water content · wet basis moisture · dry basis moisture The amount of water present in a material, expressed as a percentage of total weight. Important for assessing material quality and processing requirements. CBG Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Moisture separators Moisture separators Technical also: Moisture Trap · condensate trap · gas dryer Devices that remove condensed water droplets from compressed gas streams. CBG MRF MRF Technical also: Material Recovery Facility · Material Recovery Centre · sorting facility Material Recovery Facility — a sorting plant that separates mixed dry recyclables (plastic, paper, metal) into individual material streams before dispatch to recyclers. General MSME MSME Acronym also: Micro Small and Medium Enterprises · SSI · Small Scale Industry · Udyam Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises — a classification of businesses based on investment and turnover, eligible for government schemes and certifications. General Municipal Solid Waste Municipal Solid Waste Technical also: Municipal Solid Waste · MSW · urban waste · household waste · municipal waste · mixed municipal waste All solid waste generated by households, commercial establishments, and institutions in urban areas. General MVA MVA Metric also: MVA · Mega Volt-Ampere · megavolt-ampere · 1000 KVA Mega Volt-Ampere — equal to 1,000 KVA; used to rate large-capacity generators and electrical equipment. General

NAAQS NAAQS Acronym also: NAAQS · NAAQS India · ambient air quality standards · NAAQS meaning National Ambient Air Quality Standards — India's pollutant-by-pollutant air quality benchmark issued by CPCB and used as the compliance baseline for ambient monitoring. General NABET NABET Acronym also: NABET · National Accreditation Board for Education and Training · NABET accreditation · NABET-QCI National Accreditation Board for Education and Training — issues sector-specific accreditations to environmental consultant organisations that prepare EIA reports and EMPs. General Napier Grass Napier Grass Technical also: elephant grass · Pennisetum purpureum · Uganda grass A fast-growing tropical grass species commonly used for biomass production and cattle fodder CBG National Bioenergy Programme National Bioenergy Programme Regulatory also: NBP · MNRE bioenergy scheme · National Bioenergy Mission · bioenergy programme India A government scheme providing financial support and incentives for bioenergy projects in India. CBG Natural Rubber Processing Natural Rubber Processing Technical also: natural rubber processing · rubber processing · latex processing Processing of latex into block, sheet or crepe rubber. Wastewater benchmark: 4 m³ per tonne of rubber. Tyre Recycling CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) NDIR NDIR Acronym also: non-dispersive infrared · NDIR analyser · non dispersive infrared spectroscopy Non-Dispersive Infrared spectroscopy — gas analyser that measures CO and CO₂ by infrared absorption at characteristic wavelengths. Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis Tyre Recycling Plastic (Chem) CBG Nickel Nickel Caution also: Ni · nickel metal · nickel emissions Toxic heavy metal released by smelting, plating and incineration; respiratory carcinogen. NAAQS annual limit: 20 ng/m³. Li-ion Battery E-waste Plastic (Mech) Plastic Pyrolysis Tyre Pyrolysis night time night time Technical also: night time · night-time noise limit · night hours The 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. period when stricter ambient noise limits apply across all zones under India's Noise Rules. General NiMH NiMH Acronym also: NiMH · Nickel-Metal Hydride · Ni-MH · nickel metal hydride battery · NiMH battery Nickel-Metal Hydride — a rechargeable battery chemistry less hazardous than NiCd; common in hybrid car batteries and older portable electronics. E-waste Li-ion Battery NIR NIR Acronym also: NIR · Near-Infrared Spectroscopy · near-infrared sensor · NIR sorting · NIR spectrometer Near-Infrared spectroscopy — a sensor type used in optical sorters to identify plastic polymer types (ABS, PS, PC) by reflected IR signature. The default plastic-sorting sensor in e-waste lines. Plastic (Mech) E-waste Plastic (Chem) Nitrate Nitrogen Nitrate Nitrogen Metric also: nitrate nitrogen · NO3-N · nitrate as N Nitrate (NO₃-N) in wastewater — contributes to eutrophication and methemoglobinemia risk in drinking water. Inland surface water limit: 10 mg/L; marine coastal 20 mg/L. CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) E-waste Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide Caution also: NO2 · NO₂ · nitrogen oxide gas Reddish-brown toxic gas (NO₂) formed by high-temperature combustion in boilers and engines; precursor to smog and acid rain. NAAQS 24-hour limit: 80 µg/m³. General Nitrogen Oxides Nitrogen Oxides Technical also: Nitrogen Oxides · NOx · NO · NO₂ · nitrogen dioxide · nitric oxide Gases produced from combustion that react with the atmosphere to form smog and acid rain; major air quality pollutants. General NMHC NMHC Acronym also: NMHC · Non-Methane Hydrocarbons · non-methane VOCs · NMHCs Non-Methane Hydrocarbons — volatile organic compounds that contribute to ground-level ozone and smog formation. CBG Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis Nm³ Nm³ Metric also: Nm³ · Normal cubic meter · normal cubic metres · Nm3 · standard cubic meter Normal cubic meters — a standardized volume measurement at 0°C and 1 atm pressure, used for comparing gas volumes consistently. CBG No Objection Certificate No Objection Certificate Regulatory also: NOC · NOC full form · No Objection Certificate meaning A formal clearance issued by a regulatory body confirming it has no objection to a specific activity — required from agencies like the Fire Department or Town Planning before consent is granted. General NO2 NO2 Acronym also: nitrogen dioxide · NO₂ · nitrogen oxide Nitrogen Dioxide — toxic gas from high-temperature combustion; NAAQS 24-hour limit 80 µg/m³. General NOC NOC Acronym also: No Objection Certificate · NOC India · NOC environmental No Objection Certificate — a formal clearance from a regulatory body required before certain industrial activities or consents are granted. General Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 Technical also: Noise Rules · Noise Rules 2000 · Noise Pollution Rules 2000 India's federal noise law under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, setting day and night noise limits by zone (industrial, commercial, residential, silence). General non-ferrous metals non-ferrous metals Technical also: non ferrous metals · nonferrous metals · non-ferrous scrap · non-magnetic metals Metals containing no iron — copper, aluminium, zinc, lead, tin, nickel and precious metals. Non-magnetic and the highest-value recoverable fraction of e-waste. E-waste Plastic (Mech) Li-ion Battery non-flammable non-flammable Caution also: non-flammable gas · inert gas · CO2 non-flammable Cannot easily catch fire or burn; CO₂'s non-flammable nature is why it's effective as a fire suppressant. CBG notified silence zone notified silence zone Technical also: notified silence area · declared silence zone A silence zone formally declared and published by notification; the strict 50/40 dB(A) limits apply only once an area is notified. General NPV NPV Metric also: Net Present Value · discounted cash flow · NPV analysis Net Present Value — the sum of all discounted project cash flows in today's rupee terms. Positive NPV means the project creates value above the required return rate. General nutrient burn nutrient burn Caution also: fertilizer burn · ammonia burn · over-application damage · nutrient toxicity crops Plant damage caused by excessive salt concentration from over-application of fertilizers, resulting in leaf scorching and wilting. CBG nutrient cycling nutrient cycling Technical also: nutrient cycle · biogeochemical cycling The movement and transformation of nutrients (like nitrogen and phosphorus) through soil, water, and organisms in an ecosystem. CBG nutrient loss nutrient loss Caution also: nitrogen loss · ammonia volatilisation · nutrient leaching The depletion of essential nutrients from soil through various mechanisms; improper application timing can significantly increase this waste. CBG Nutrient-rich Nutrient-rich Metric also: nutrient-rich digestate · high nutrient content · nutrient-dense organic material Contains elevated concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium essential for plant growth. CBG

occupier occupier Regulatory also: occupier · factory occupier · person in charge · responsible person The person legally responsible for the operations of an industrial plant — may be the owner, manager, or any designated person in control of the plant's activities. General OCEMS OCEMS Acronym also: OCEMS · CEMS · Online CEMS · OCEMS India Online Continuous Emission Monitoring System — sensors installed on industrial chimneys that continuously measure pollutant levels and transmit data to the Pollution Control Board. General OCMMS OCMMS Acronym also: OCMMS · Online Consent Management and Monitoring System · SPCB online portal · pollution consent portal Online Consent Management and Monitoring System — the digital portal used by State Pollution Control Boards to receive, process, and track consent applications. General offtake offtake Technical also: offtake agreement · offtake contract · off-take Contractual commitment to purchase a specified quantity of product at agreed terms; reduces market risk for the producer and is often what makes a recycling project bankable. CBG Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Li-ion Battery Plastic Pyrolysis Oil Marketing Companies Oil Marketing Companies Technical also: OMCs · Oil Marketing Company · IOCL BPCL HPCL Companies responsible for purchasing, distributing, and marketing petroleum products including natural gas in India. CBG OMCs OMCs Acronym also: OMCs · OMC meaning · PSU oil companies India · Indian Oil BPCL HPCL Oil Marketing Companies — entities that buy and distribute fuel products to end consumers. CBG operating cost operating cost Metric also: opex · operational expenditure · variable cost · running cost The ongoing expenses required to run a facility or process, excluding capital investment — typically includes labor, utilities, and maintenance. CBG operating temperatures operating temperatures Metric also: digester temperature range · AD operating temperature · reactor temperature The range of temperatures at which a process or equipment functions most efficiently and safely. CBG OPEX OPEX Acronym also: Operating Expenditure · operating cost · opex meaning · recurring operational cost Operating Expenditure — the day-to-day costs required to run business operations, excluding capital investments. General organic carbon organic carbon Technical also: soil organic carbon · SOC · total organic carbon · TOC Carbon derived from living organisms or their decomposition products; a key indicator of soil or waste quality and nutrient content. CBG Organic Carbon (40 – 60% of TS) Organic Carbon (40 – 60% of TS) Metric also: Organic Carbon (40–60% of TS) · TOC fraction in digestate The percentage of carbon from organic compounds in total solids; critical for improving soil structure and water retention. CBG organic loading rate organic loading rate Technical also: OLR · organic load · volumetric loading rate · kg VS/m3/day The amount of organic material (feed) added to the digester daily, measured as mass per unit volume per day; affects digestion speed and stability. CBG Organic Loading Rate (OLR) Organic Loading Rate (OLR) Metric also: OLR · Organic Loading Rate · organic load · kg VS/m³/day · volumetric organic loading rate The amount of volatile solids (VS) fed into the digester per unit volume per day (kg VS/m³/day) — higher rates boost biogas output but risk system overload and poor performance. CBG Output Ratio Output Ratio Metric also: pyrolysis output ratio · product distribution ratio · tyre pyrolysis yield split The proportion of useful products generated from a given amount of input material, expressed here as units per 100 units of feedstock. Tyre Pyrolysis Over-mixing Over-mixing Caution also: excessive agitation · over-agitation · digester over-mixing risk Excessive mixing beyond the point needed for proper blending, which causes unnecessary energy waste and can degrade material properties. CBG over-processing over-processing Caution also: excessive preprocessing · over-shredding · excessive particle size reduction Applying excessive treatment intensity; in biogas systems, this can paradoxically reduce gas yield rather than improve it by destroying beneficial microbes or creating inhibitory compounds. CBG Ozone Ozone Caution also: O3 · O₃ · ground-level ozone Reactive secondary pollutant (O₃) formed when NOₓ and VOCs react in sunlight; aggravates lung disease. NAAQS 8-hour limit: 100 µg/m³. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis

palladium palladium Technical also: palladium · Pd · platinum-group metal palladium · palladium PCB A platinum-group precious metal used as a coating on PCB connectors and in catalytic components. Trades at prices comparable to gold; a primary profit driver in PCB recovery. E-waste pathogen destruction pathogen destruction Technical also: pathogen destruction · pathogen removal · sanitisation The elimination of disease-causing microorganisms through heat or biological processes, an important outcome of high-temperature digestion systems. CBG payback period payback period Metric also: simple payback · capital recovery period · investment payback The number of years for a project's cumulative net cash flows to recover the initial capital investment — a quick, intuitive measure of investment recovery speed, used alongside IRR and DSCR in recycling project appraisals. General PBB PBB Acronym also: PBB · Polybrominated Biphenyl · polybrominated biphenyls · PBBs Polybrominated Biphenyl — a banned brominated flame retardant under RoHS; presence in recovered plastics renders them non-recyclable. E-waste PBDE PBDE Acronym also: PBDE · Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether · polybrominated diphenyl ethers · PBDEs · deca-BDE · penta-BDE Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether — a banned brominated flame retardant under RoHS, restricting use in plastics of electronics. E-waste PCB PCB Acronym also: PCB · circuit board · PWB · Printed Wiring Board · motherboard substrate Printed Circuit Board — the green/brown board inside every electronic device; rich in copper, gold, silver, and palladium, making it the highest-value e-waste fraction. E-waste PCBs PCBs Acronym also: PCBs · transformer oil PCB · Aroclor · polychlorinated biphenyl Polychlorinated Biphenyls — persistent organic pollutants found in older transformer oils and dielectric fluids. Banned worldwide; require specialist disposal. E-waste pelletization pelletization Technical also: pelletization · pelleting · digestate pellets A process that compresses digestate or other materials into dense pellets for easier storage, transport, and application. CBG Pelletized Pelletized Technical also: pelletised digestate · pelletised organic manure Processed into small, compressed cylindrical pellets for easier handling, storage, and transport. CBG per hectare per hectare Metric also: per ha · /ha · yield per hectare Measurement unit for land area, equivalent to 10,000 square meters or 2.47 acres CBG performance measures performance measures Metric also: KPIs biogas plant · plant performance indicators · operational benchmarks Quantifiable metrics used to track and evaluate the efficiency and health of the digester system. CBG peristaltic pump peristaltic pump Technical also: Peristaltic pump · hose pump · tube pump · roller pump · peristaltic metering pump A pump that moves fluid through a flexible tube by compressing and releasing the tube in sequential motions, commonly used for delicate fluids. General PET PET Technical also: Polyethylene Terephthalate · PET bottle · resin code 1 · PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate (resin code 1) — the clear plastic used in beverage bottles and food trays, and India's most commercially valuable post-consumer plastic recyclate. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis pH pH Technical also: pH · acidity · alkalinity · pH scale · pH value Measure of acidity or alkalinity on a scale of 0–14; anaerobic digesters operate optimally at neutral to slightly alkaline pH (typically 6.8–7.5). CBG Phenolic compounds Phenolic compounds Caution also: phenols · phenolic compounds · C6H5OH Phenols (as C₆H₅OH) — toxic, taste-and-odour-producing organics from petroleum, pulp & paper and chemical industries. Inland surface water limit: 1.0 mg/L. Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis Tyre Recycling Plastic (Chem) CBG phosphorus phosphorus Technical also: P · phosphate A key plant macronutrient critical for root development, energy transfer, and seed formation. Primarily concentrated in solid digestate fractions. CBG PLA PLA Technical also: Polylactic Acid · bioplastic · compostable plastic Polylactic Acid — a bio-based, compostable thermoplastic used in single-use cups and food packaging. Only breaks down in industrial composting; contaminates PET recycling lines if unsegregated. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis Plant Availability Plant Availability Metric also: Plant Availability · equipment availability · operational availability · uptime percentage · availability factor The percentage or measure of time equipment is operational and available for use, excluding planned and unplanned downtime. General plant operations plant operations Technical also: plant operation · facility operations · plant running The day-to-day activities that keep a processing facility running — feedstock handling, the core process, utilities, maintenance and compliance monitoring. General Plastic Waste Management Rules Plastic Waste Management Rules Regulatory also: PWM Rules 2016 · PWM Rules 2022 Amendment · plastic waste rules India · PWM Rules India's Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016 (amended 2021 and 2022) — the primary regulation governing plastic waste processing, EPR targets for producers, PWP registration for recyclers, and the ban on 19 single-use plastic items. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis platinum group metals platinum group metals Technical also: platinum group metals · PGMs · PGM · platinum group elements · PGEs A family of six metals — platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium — used in connectors, catalytic components, and high-end electronics. Very high economic value per gram. E-waste PLC PLC Acronym also: PLC · PLC meaning · industrial controller · ladder logic controller Programmable Logic Controller — an industrial computer that automates equipment operation and monitors system performance. General PLC-based control PLC-based control Technical also: PLC-based control · PLC · Programmable Logic Controller · PLC automation · PLC control system Programmable Logic Controller–based automation systems that monitor and control industrial processes using computer logic. General Plug-flow Plug-flow Technical also: plug flow reactor · horizontal flow digester A digester design where feedstock moves through as a continuous plug with minimal mixing, ideal for high-solids content. CBG PM10 PM10 Metric also: RSPM · Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter · coarse particles · PM 10 Particulate matter ≤10µm in diameter; ambient limit under NAAQS is 100 µg/m³ (24-hour average). General PM2.5 PM2.5 Metric also: fine particulate matter · PM 2.5 · fine particles · respirable fine particulate Fine particulate matter ≤2.5µm in diameter — most hazardous to health; ambient limit under NAAQS is 60 µg/m³ (24-hour average). General PMEGP PMEGP Regulatory also: Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme · PMEGP loan · KVIC loan Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme — a central government scheme (administered by KVIC) providing 15–35% capital subsidy on new micro-enterprise projects, applicable to small recycling businesses up to Rs 50 lakh project cost. General PNG PNG Acronym also: PNG · PNG gas · piped gas · domestic gas connection Piped Natural Gas — natural gas supplied through underground pipelines to residential and commercial consumers. CBG Pollution Control Boards Pollution Control Boards Regulatory also: CPCB and SPCB · pollution control board · PCB regulator Statutory regulators (CPCB at the centre and SPCBs in each state) that issue consents, prescribe site-specific conditions and enforce effluent and emission standards. General polychlorinated biphenyls polychlorinated biphenyls Caution also: PCBs (chemical) · PCB chemicals · polychlorinated biphenyl Persistent organic pollutants previously used as dielectric fluids in transformers and capacitors. Banned worldwide; require specialist hazardous-waste disposal. E-waste Positive Displacement Pump Positive Displacement Pump Technical also: Positive Displacement Pump · PD pump · positive displacement · fixed-volume pump A pump that moves fluid by trapping a fixed volume and forcing it through the discharge, ideal for high-viscosity and thick slurry applications. General potassium potassium Technical also: K · K₂O · potash A major plant macronutrient essential for crop growth, yield, and stress tolerance. Highly soluble and concentrated in liquid digestate fractions. CBG power consumption requirements power consumption requirements Metric also: electricity requirement · energy consumption plant · power demand biogas The amount of electrical energy needed to operate the mixing system, directly impacting operational costs. CBG PP PP Technical also: Polypropylene · PP plastic · resin code 5 Polypropylene (resin code 5) — a semi-crystalline plastic used in woven bags, containers, and automotive parts, and India's highest-volume recyclable polymer stream. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis ppm ppm Metric also: ppm · parts per million · Parts Per Million · mg/kg · mg/L (equivalent) Parts Per Million — a unit of concentration measuring the ratio of one substance to one million units of another; used here to indicate very low contaminant levels. General precious metals precious metals Technical also: precious metals · gold silver palladium e-waste · noble metals · PGMs e-waste Gold, silver, and platinum-group metals (Pd, Pt, Rh). The primary economic driver in PCB recycling — concentrations in mobile phone PCBs can exceed natural gold ore by 40-50x. E-waste Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) Technical also: PSA · Pressure Swing Adsorption · PSA/VPSA · VPSA · Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption A separation technique where gases adhere to solid materials at high pressure and release at low pressure, achieving high purity. CBG price volatility price volatility Metric also: commodity price volatility · market price risk Rapid and unpredictable fluctuations in energy prices, making cost forecasting and budget planning difficult for consumers and governments. General Prior Environmental Clearance Prior Environmental Clearance Regulatory also: Environmental Clearance · EC · Prior EC · PEC India The formal approval that must be obtained before starting any construction or land preparation on a listed project — issued by MoEFCC (Category A) or SEIAA (Category B) under the EIA Notification, 2006. General PRO PRO Acronym also: PRO · PRO meaning · PRO EPR · extended producer responsibility organisation Producer Responsibility Organisation — a third-party body authorised under the EPR framework that organises collection and recycling on behalf of multiple producers. Plastic (Mech) E-waste Li-ion Battery process balance and efficiency process balance and efficiency Caution also: process balance · digester process efficiency · AD process performance VFA accumulation (inhibition) slows methane production and reduces biogas yield — a critical operational concern in digester management. CBG process shock process shock Caution also: digester shock · operational shock A sudden disruption to digester conditions (temperature, pH, or feedstock changes) that can kill microbes and halt biogas production. CBG processing level processing level Caution also: level of processing · processing stage · treatment level recycling Refers to the degree of refinement or treatment applied to digestate before sale. Higher processing levels typically command premium prices but involve greater investment. CBG E-waste profitability profitability Metric also: project profitability · net profit · profit margin · business profitability A measure of financial performance — the difference between revenue and total costs. CBG E-waste Progressive cavity pump Progressive cavity pump Technical also: Progressive cavity pump · PC pump · PCP · helical rotor pump · Moineau pump · screw pump (single-screw) A positive displacement pump that uses a rotating screw-like rotor within a helical stator to move fluid continuously in one direction. CBG Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP) Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP) Technical also: PCP · PC pump · eccentric screw pump · Moyno pump A pump where a rotating metal screw (rotor) moves inside a rubber stator to create sealed pockets that move fluid forward smoothly, ideal for thick or viscous materials. CBG Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis PS PS Technical also: Polystyrene · EPS · expanded polystyrene · resin code 6 Polystyrene (resin code 6) — an amorphous plastic used in food containers and as EPS (thermocol) for packaging insulation. Recycling in India is nascent, with economic challenges from low bulk density. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis PSA PSA Acronym also: PSA · VPSA · Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption · PSA/VPSA · pressure swing adsorption biogas Pressure Swing Adsorption - a technology that separates gases based on their molecular characteristics CBG PSA/VPSA PSA/VPSA Acronym also: PSA · VPSA · Pressure Swing Adsorption · Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption Pressure Swing Adsorption/Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption - gas separation technologies CBG public consultation public consultation Regulatory also: public consultation · public hearing · EIA public hearing · Stage 3 EIA EIA Stage 3 — a process through which concerns of affected persons and stakeholders are collected and considered as part of environmental appraisal. General public emergency public emergency Technical also: public emergency exemption · emergency A situation with an immediate threat to public safety during which essential emergency-response noise is exempt from the usual noise restrictions. General Public Sewers Public Sewers Regulatory also: public sewer · municipal sewer · sewer discharge Municipal sewer network. Effluent may be discharged here only if the sewer leads to a secondary treatment facility; otherwise inland-surface-water standards apply. General Pulp & Paper Pulp & Paper Technical also: pulp and paper · paper mill · pulp & paper industry Paper-manufacturing industry. Wastewater benchmarks: ~175 m³/tonne for large mills, 150 m³/tonne (viscose staple fibre), 500 m³/tonne (viscose filament yarn). Plastic (Mech) CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Chem) E-waste PVC PVC Acronym also: PVC · Polyvinyl Chloride · polyvinyl chloride · vinyl plastic · chlorinated plastic Polyvinyl Chloride — a chlorinated plastic widely used in cable insulation and casings. Releases corrosive hydrochloric acid and dioxins when incinerated. Plastic (Mech) E-waste Plastic (Chem) PWP PWP Regulatory also: Plastic Waste Processor · Plastic Waste Processor (PWP) category · PWP registration Plastic Waste Processor — a CPCB-registered category under India's Plastic Waste Management Rules that allows plastic recyclers to issue EPR certificates and participate in the EPR credit market. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis pyrolysis pyrolysis Technical also: thermal decomposition · plastic-to-fuel · plastic pyrolysis · tyre pyrolysis Thermal decomposition of plastic or rubber waste in an inert atmosphere at 350–700°C, producing pyrolysis oil (fuel), combustible gas, and solid char. Core process in plastic and tyre pyrolysis businesses. Plastic (Chem) Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis

QCI QCI Acronym also: QCI · Quality Council of India · QCI certification · QCI accreditation Quality Council of India — the certification body that oversees the accreditation scheme for environmental consultants (through NABET). General quality standards quality standards Regulatory also: product quality standards · quality specification · quality requirements Established specifications and purity requirements that hydrogen must meet before it can be safely injected into existing distribution networks. CBG E-waste Tyre Pyrolysis

Radioactive materials Radioactive materials Caution also: radioactive materials · radionuclides · radioactivity in effluent Alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides in wastewater, measured in micro-curie/ml. Tightly capped at 10⁻⁷ / 10⁻⁸ levels across all discharge modes. E-waste Tyre Recycling Li-ion Battery Plastic (Mech) CBG RAM RAM Acronym also: RAM · Random Access Memory · memory sticks · DIMM · memory modules Random Access Memory — the temporary memory chips in a computer. Gold-plated edge connectors (fingers) make RAM sticks a high-value PCB type. E-waste rCB rCB Acronym also: recovered carbon black · rcb · r-CB Recovered Carbon Black — char upgraded into a saleable manufactured carbon product instead of a low-value by-product. Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis RCC RCC Acronym also: RCC · Reinforced Cement Concrete · reinforced concrete · RCC construction Reinforced Cement Concrete — a composite material combining concrete with steel reinforcement for structural strength. General Receiving Environment Receiving Environment Technical also: receiving area · receptor environment · surrounding environment The surrounding area where emissions disperse and air quality is assessed, including residential, industrial, rural or ecologically sensitive zones. General Receiving Water Body Receiving Water Body Technical also: receiving water · receiving stream · receiving water body Any river, stream, lake, pond, coastal area or land area into which treated effluent is finally discharged. General recovered carbon black recovered carbon black Technical also: rCB · recovered carbon black (rCB) · recycled carbon black A cleaned, processed form of the char that pyrolysis produces, refined enough to sell as a manufactured carbon product rather than a low-value residue. Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis Recovery Increase Recovery Increase Metric also: EOR recovery increase · oil recovery rate increase · production increase EOR The improvement in the volume of oil that can be economically extracted from a reservoir compared to baseline production rates. CBG recovery yield recovery yield Metric also: material recovery rate · yield rate · recycling yield The percentage of input feedstock weight that emerges as saleable recycled output — the primary operational efficiency metric for a recycling plant. Typical range: 75–92% for Indian plastic mechanical recycling. General refining refining Technical also: metal refining · precious metal refining · electrorefining · refinery The final metallurgical step that purifies an impure metal concentrate from e-waste into high-purity (99.9%+) saleable metal such as copper cathode, gold or silver, usually by electrolysis. E-waste refurbishment refurbishment Technical also: refurbishing · refurbished electronics · reconditioning · repair and resale The repair, testing, cleaning and resale of used electronics for reuse rather than recycling — the highest-value e-waste tier, registered under the E-Waste Rules 2022. E-waste regulatory compliance problems regulatory compliance problems Regulatory also: compliance challenges · regulatory hurdles · permit problems Violations of environmental and waste management regulations that can result from improper digestate handling. CBG E-waste residential areas residential areas Technical also: residential area · residential zone · residential noise limit A housing-designated noise zone with limits of 55 dB(A) day and 45 dB(A) night; an adjacent residential boundary constrains nearby plants. General reverse logistics reverse logistics Technical also: reverse supply chain · product return logistics · backward logistics The system for moving end-of-life products back from users to recyclers — collection, transport and aggregation of used electronics into the formal recycling chain. The backbone of EPR compliance. E-waste Plastic (Mech) Li-ion Battery Reverse Osmosis Reverse Osmosis Technical also: RO · RO membrane · RO system A water purification method that applies pressure to force water through a semipermeable membrane, leaving contaminants behind and producing highly purified water. General RIC RIC Technical also: Resin Identification Code · plastic number · recycling symbol number Resin Identification Code — the 1–7 number inside the triangle symbol on plastic products (1=PET, 2=HDPE, 3=PVC, 4=LDPE, 5=PP, 6=PS, 7=Other). Identifies plastic type for sorting; does NOT certify recyclability. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis RoHS RoHS Acronym also: RoHS · RoHS directive · RoHS compliance · RoHS meaning Restriction of Hazardous Substances — a regulation limiting six toxic substances (lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB, PBDE) in electronic products. E-waste rPET rPET Technical also: recycled PET · recycled polyethylene terephthalate · food-grade rPET · bottle-grade rPET Recycled PET — polyethylene terephthalate pellets or flake produced from post-consumer PET bottles. Available as standard grade (for fibre) and food-grade (IV-restored via SSP, for beverage bottles and food packaging). Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis RSPM RSPM Metric also: Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter · PM10 · particulate matter 10 micron Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter — particles ≤10µm (PM10) that penetrate deep into lungs; ambient limit is 100 µg/m³ industrial. General

Salmonella Salmonella Technical also: Salmonella spp. · Salmonella pathogen A pathogenic bacterium found in manure that causes foodborne illness and must be eliminated before field application. CBG SATAT SATAT Acronym also: Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation · SATAT scheme · bio-CNG scheme India Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation — India's government scheme providing price guarantees and incentives for bio-CNG production. CBG SATAT scheme SATAT scheme Regulatory also: SATAT · Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation · SATAT CBG scheme Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation — a government initiative to promote bio-compressed natural gas production and supply in India. CBG SCADA SCADA Acronym also: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition · industrial monitoring system · HMI · DCS Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition — a system for monitoring and controlling industrial equipment and processes. General scoping scoping Regulatory also: scoping · EIA scoping · Terms of Reference · ToR · Stage 2 EIA EIA Stage 2 — the process of identifying key environmental issues and setting the Terms of Reference (ToR) for an EIA study, where applicable. General screening screening Technical also: screening · EIA screening · project screening · Stage 1 EIA · category screening A process of removing unwanted inorganic particles and debris from wastewater using mechanical filters or sieves before further treatment. General Screw press or decanter centrifuge Screw press or decanter centrifuge Technical also: screw press separator · decanter centrifuge · solid-liquid separator Mechanical equipment used to separate solids from liquids; screw presses use compression while decanter centrifuges use rotational force. CBG SEAC SEAC Acronym also: SEAC · State EAC · SEAC full form State Expert Appraisal Committee — technical experts at the State or UT level who review Category B projects and recommend to the SEIAA on clearance. General Second Schedule Second Schedule Regulatory also: Second Schedule · Second Schedule consent guidelines · consent fee schedule The schedule appended to the 2025 consent guidelines that prescribes the maximum fee limits for Consent to Establish and Consent to Operate. General Secondary treatment Secondary treatment Technical also: secondary treatment · biological treatment stage · secondary wastewater treatment Biological wastewater treatment stage (e.g. activated sludge, biofilters) that removes dissolved and colloidal organic matter using micro-organisms. CBG Plastic (Mech) Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Chem) E-waste Section 21 Section 21 Regulatory also: Section 21 · Section 21 Air Act · Section 21 consent · Air Act Section 21 The provision of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 that requires every industrial plant to obtain official consent before being established or operated. General SEIAA SEIAA Acronym also: SEIAA · State EIA Authority · State Environmental Clearance Authority State Environment Impact Assessment Authority — appraises and grants environmental clearance for Category B projects under the EIA framework. General Selenium Selenium Caution also: selenium · Se · selenium effluent Toxic metalloid (Se). Inland surface water and public sewers limit: 0.05 mg/L. Bioaccumulates in aquatic food chains. E-waste Li-ion Battery Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) CBG settle settle Caution also: settlement · sedimentation · solid settling · digestate settling When solids sink and accumulate at the bottom of pipes due to insufficient flow speed, creating deposits that can block or damage the system. CBG Sewage Sewage Technical also: sewage · domestic wastewater · sewerage Wastewater from domestic sources (toilets, sinks, kitchens), typically processed through Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) before discharge or reuse. CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) E-waste shelf life shelf life Metric also: product shelf life · storage life · expiry period organic fertilizer The length of time a product can be stored before quality degrades or it becomes unsafe for consumption. CBG Shredder Shredder Technical also: industrial shredder · primary shredder · tyre shredder · e-waste shredder · size reduction machine A machine that mechanically reduces e-waste into smaller fragments for downstream separation. The first major processing step in most recycling lines. Plastic (Mech) E-waste Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis shredders, granulators, agglomerators, extruders shredders, granulators, agglomerators, extruders Technical also: plastic recycling machinery · shredder granulator agglomerator extruder · size-reduction and pelletising machines The core machine sequence of a plastic recycling line: shred to break down, granulate into flakes, agglomerate film, and extrude into recyclate pellets. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis SIDBI SIDBI Regulatory also: Small Industries Development Bank of India · SIDBI loan · SIDBI green finance Small Industries Development Bank of India — India's apex MSME development finance institution offering concessional term loans and green finance for recycling and circular economy businesses. General silage silage Technical also: ensiled biomass · fermented fodder Fermented and chopped green fodder stored in silos, used as animal feed or biogas feedstock CBG Silence Zone Silence Zone Regulatory also: Silence Zone · noise sensitive zone · hospital zone noise · silence zone noise limit An area within 100m of hospitals, educational institutions, or courts where noise levels are capped at 50 dB(A) day, 40 dB(A) night — applicable when siting plants. General silence zones silence zones Technical also: silence zone · silence area/zone · notified silence zone · silence area A designated area of at least 100 metres around hospitals, schools and courts where the strictest noise limits (50/40 dB(A)) apply. General silica gel silica gel Technical also: silica gel · silica gel desiccant · SiO₂ desiccant · desiccant beads A porous, granular form of silica used as a desiccant to absorb and remove moisture from gases and liquids. CBG Siloxanes Siloxanes Technical also: siloxanes · volatile siloxanes · D4 D5 siloxane · biogas siloxanes Silicon-oxygen compounds commonly found in natural gas that leave hard, glassy deposits in engines and compressors, reducing efficiency and causing mechanical failure. CBG Slurry Slurry Technical also: feed slurry · digester slurry · biogas slurry A semi-liquid mixture of organic material and water prepared for biological processing. CBG Smelter Smelter Technical also: smelting furnace · metal smelter · smelting plant High-temperature furnace that extracts metal from ore concentrates; a major source of sulphur dioxide and heavy-metal emissions. E-waste Li-ion Battery Plastic (Mech) CBG Tyre Pyrolysis SO2 SO2 Acronym also: sulphur dioxide · sulfur dioxide · SO₂ Sulphur Dioxide — acidic gas from burning sulphur-bearing fuels; NAAQS 24-hour limit 80 µg/m³. Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Chem) CBG soil amendment soil amendment Technical also: soil conditioner · soil improver · organic amendment The process of adding materials to soil to improve its physical properties, fertility, and ability to support plant growth. CBG sound pressure level sound pressure level Technical also: SPL · sound pressure level (SPL) · noise level A measure of sound intensity relative to a reference pressure, in decibels; the raw quantity behind the dB(A) Leq used in noise standards. General sound-emitting fire crackers sound-emitting fire crackers Technical also: firecrackers · sound-emitting firecrackers · noise-making crackers Explosive devices producing loud bangs; subject to a noise cap, restricted hours and a silence-zone ban under India's Noise Rules. General SPCB SPCB Regulatory also: State Pollution Control Board · Pollution Control Committee · PCC · State PCB State Pollution Control Board — the state-level statutory authority that issues, monitors, and enforces environmental consents for industrial plants. General Specific Gravity Specific Gravity Technical also: Specific Gravity · SG · relative density · specific gravity of gas · gas relative density The ratio of a substance's density to the density of water; used to compare relative heaviness of digestate samples. CBG SPM SPM Metric also: SPM · Total Suspended Particles · TSP · Total Suspended Particulate Matter Suspended Particulate Matter — total dust load (TSP) measured in air; ambient air quality standard is 200 µg/m³ industrial / 100 µg/m³ residential. General SRU SRU Acronym also: sulphur recovery unit · Claus unit · sulfur recovery unit Sulphur Recovery Unit — refinery process that converts hydrogen sulphide into elemental sulphur to limit SO₂ emissions. CBG Tyre Pyrolysis Tyre Recycling Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Chem) SS 304 SS 304 Acronym also: SS 304 · Stainless Steel 304 · Grade 304 · AISI 304 · 18/8 stainless steel A standard austenitic stainless steel grade with 18% chromium and 8% nickel, suitable for general industrial and food processing applications. General SS 316 SS 316 Acronym also: SS 316 · Stainless Steel 316 · Grade 316 · 316 stainless · AISI 316 · marine grade stainless A molybdenum-enhanced stainless steel grade with superior corrosion resistance, especially in chloride and acidic environments. General SSD SSD Acronym also: SSD · Solid State Drive · flash drive · NVMe drive · NAND storage Solid State Drive — flash-memory storage with no moving parts. Lower bulk metal but moderate PCB precious metal content. E-waste SSI SSI Acronym also: Small Scale Industry · MSME · Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises · small scale industries India Small Scale Industry — a legacy classification for smaller industrial units, largely replaced by the MSME framework. General SSP SSP Technical also: Solid-State Polycondensation · solid-state polymerisation · SSP reactor Solid-State Polycondensation — a post-treatment step for recycled PET that heats pellets below their melting point in vacuum or inert gas to restore IV (molecular weight) and remove volatile contaminants, enabling food-grade rPET production. Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) Stack Stack Technical also: chimney · flue stack · exhaust stack Vertical chimney or duct used to release treated exhaust gases into the atmosphere at a height that allows proper dispersion. General Stack height Stack height Technical also: chimney height · minimum stack height · stack height formula Minimum chimney height prescribed by CPCB rules to ensure pollutants disperse safely; calculated from emission rate and capacity. General stack height requirements stack height requirements Technical also: stack height norms · chimney height requirement · exhaust stack height CPCB-mandated minimum exhaust stack heights for DG sets and combustion equipment so emissions disperse and protect ground-level air quality. General State Environment Impact Assessment Authority State Environment Impact Assessment Authority Regulatory also: SEIAA · State EIA Authority · SEIAA India State-level statutory body constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 — responsible for granting Environmental Clearance to Category B projects. General State Level Monitoring Committee State Level Monitoring Committee Regulatory also: State Level Monitoring Committee · SLMC · monitoring committee consent A supervisory body constituted under paragraph 15 of the 2025 consent guidelines to decide consent applications when State Boards exceed the prescribed timelines. General State Pollution Control Board State Pollution Control Board Regulatory also: SPCB · State PCB · Pollution Control Committee · PCC State Pollution Control Board — the state-level statutory authority that issues, monitors, and enforces environmental consents for industrial plants. General State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) Technical also: SPCB · State Pollution Control Board · pollution control board State-level statutory bodies that issue consent and enforce India's air, water, noise and hazardous-waste laws; the primary regulator for a recycler. General State Pollution Control Committees (SPCCs) State Pollution Control Committees (SPCCs) Technical also: SPCC · Pollution Control Committee · PCC Pollution-control authorities for India's Union Territories, performing the same role as State Pollution Control Boards. General stator stator Technical also: pump stator · PCP stator · rubber stator The stationary rubber component inside a pump that surrounds the rotor and forms sealed pockets to move fluid forward. CBG Plastic (Mech) Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis STP STP Acronym also: STP · STP meaning · domestic wastewater treatment plant · sewage plant Sewage Treatment Plant — facility that treats sewage/domestic wastewater (separate from industrial effluent). General subsidized subsidized Caution also: subsidised · government subsidy · subsidized CBG Government-supported pricing that artificially lowers costs — this makes market comparison with unsubsidized products potentially misleading for economic assessment. CBG suitable suitable Caution also: suitable feedstock · suitable material · suitability assessment In this context, 'suitable' means more practical and cost-effective for logistics, not necessarily superior in all applications. CBG Sulphide Sulphide Caution also: sulphide · sulfide · S2- Sulphide ion (as S) in wastewater — corrosive, odorous and toxic. Inland surface water limit: 2.0 mg/L; marine coastal 5.0 mg/L. CBG Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis E-waste Sulphur Dioxide Sulphur Dioxide Caution also: SO2 · sulfur dioxide · SO₂ Acidic, pungent gas (SO₂) released from sulphur-bearing fuels and smelters; a major precursor to acid rain. NAAQS 24-hour limit: 80 µg/m³. Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Chem) CBG Sulphur Recovery Unit Sulphur Recovery Unit Technical also: SRU · Claus unit · sulfur recovery unit Process unit in oil refineries that converts hydrogen sulphide from sour gas into elemental sulphur, recovering ~95-99% to limit SO₂ emissions. CBG Tyre Pyrolysis Tyre Recycling Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Chem) Sulphuric acid mist Sulphuric acid mist Caution also: H2SO4 mist · sulfuric acid mist · acid mist Fine aerosol of H₂SO₄ released from sulphuric acid plants and metal pickling; highly corrosive to lungs. Stack emission limit: 50 mg/Nm³. Li-ion Battery E-waste Plastic (Mech) CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Summary EIA Summary EIA Regulatory also: Summary EIA · EIA Summary · Short EIA Report · Condensed EIA · EIA Executive Summary A short version of the full EIA Report (maximum 10 A-4 pages) covering project description, environment, impacts, monitoring, additional studies, benefits, and EMP. General Suspended solids Suspended solids Metric also: TSS · total suspended solids · suspended solids Undissolved particles in wastewater. Inland surface water limit: 100 mg/L; public sewers 600 mg/L; irrigation 200 mg/L. Particles must pass an 850-micron IS sieve. Plastic (Mech) CBG E-waste Plastic (Chem) Li-ion Battery

take-back take-back Technical also: takeback · take back · take-back scheme · producer take-back A producer's obligation under Extended Producer Responsibility to collect its products back from users at end of life — via buy-back, drop-off or pick-up — into the authorised recycling chain. E-waste Plastic (Mech) Li-ion Battery Tanneries Tanneries Technical also: tannery · leather tannery · tanneries Leather-processing industry. Wastewater benchmark: 28 m³ per tonne of raw hide. Effluent is typically high in chromium, sulphides and organic load. E-waste Li-ion Battery Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) CBG TDS TDS Metric also: TDS · TDS meaning · dissolved solids · TDS in water Total Dissolved Solids — concentration of dissolved salts and minerals in water; high TDS effluent often requires reverse-osmosis or evaporation for compliance. General Terms of Reference Terms of Reference Regulatory also: ToR · TOR EIA · Terms of Reference EIA India The scoping document issued by the regulator (EAC / SEAC) that defines exactly what the EIA report must cover for a given project. General Tertiary treatment Tertiary treatment Technical also: tertiary treatment · advanced treatment · polishing treatment Advanced wastewater treatment stage beyond secondary biological treatment, using filtration, carbon, membranes or chemical polishing to remove residual pollutants. Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis Li-ion Battery Plastic (Mech) CBG Thermal Hydrolysis Thermal Hydrolysis Technical also: Hydrolysis · thermal hydrolysis pretreatment A pretreatment process where feedstock is heated under pressure to break down complex organic compounds and improve digestibility in anaerobic digesters. CBG Thermal runaway Thermal runaway Caution also: battery thermal runaway · lithium battery fire · TR · thermal runaway battery A self-sustaining temperature rise in damaged lithium batteries that can lead to fire or explosion. Inert-atmosphere or wet shredding is required to prevent it. E-waste Li-ion Battery thermophilic thermophilic Technical also: thermophilic · thermophilic digestion · high-temperature digestion · thermophilic range Microorganism operating range of 50–60°C; enables faster digestion but requires higher energy input and careful temperature control. CBG Thermophilic Digestion Thermophilic Digestion Technical also: thermophilic anaerobic digestion · high-temperature digestion Anaerobic digestion process operating at higher temperatures (around 55°C) using thermophilic bacteria, which accelerates biogas production and pathogen reduction but requires more heating energy. CBG Time Weighted Average Time Weighted Average Technical also: TWA · time-weighted average · averaging period Average pollutant concentration measured over a defined exposure period (24 hours, 8 hours or annual); the basis for NAAQS compliance assessment. General tonnes/hectare/year tonnes/hectare/year Metric also: t/ha/yr · t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ · annual yield per hectare Metric tons per hectare per year - standard measurement for agricultural productivity CBG ToR ToR Acronym also: ToR · ToR EIA · Scoping document · Terms of Reference EIA Terms of Reference — the scoping document issued by the regulator that defines what an EIA report must cover. General Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Metric also: TKN · Kjeldahl nitrogen · total kjeldahl nitrogen Sum of organic nitrogen plus ammoniacal nitrogen (TKN), expressed as NH₃. Inland surface water and marine coastal limit: 100 mg/L. CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) E-waste Total Nitrogen (1.5 – 3.5% of TS) Total Nitrogen (1.5 – 3.5% of TS) Metric also: TN · total N · Kjeldahl nitrogen The total amount of nitrogen available in the digestate as a percentage of total solids; an essential macronutrient for plant growth. CBG Total residual chlorine Total residual chlorine Metric also: total residual chlorine · TRC · residual chlorine Free plus combined chlorine remaining after disinfection. Inland surface water and marine coastal limit: 1.0 mg/L. Excess chlorine is toxic to aquatic life. CBG Plastic (Mech) E-waste Plastic (Chem) Li-ion Battery Total Solids Total Solids Metric also: TS · Total Solids (TS) · total solids biogas The concentration of dry matter in a mixture, expressed as a percentage of total weight — critical for digester performance. CBG Total Solids (TS) Total Solids (TS) Metric also: Total Solids · TS · Total Solids (TS) · dry solids content · total solids percentage The percentage of solid matter in a slurry or mixture, expressed as a dry weight percentage. For wet anaerobic digestion, typically maintained at 8–15% TS. CBG TPA TPA Metric also: Tonnes Per Annum · tons per year · annual capacity Tonnes Per Annum — the annual capacity or throughput metric for recycling and processing facilities. Standard conversion: TPA = TPD × 300 operating days per year. General TPD TPD Acronym also: TPD · Tonnes Per Day · tonnes per day · MT/day · tons per day Tonnes Per Day — a unit of measurement indicating production or processing capacity on a daily basis. General TPH TPH Acronym also: TPH · Tonnes Per Hour · tonnes per hour · t/hr · throughput rate Tonnes Per Hour — the standard unit for quoting recycling-plant throughput. A small line is 0.5-1 TPH; a mid-scale plant 2-5 TPH; a large industrial plant 10+ TPH. General Transport distance Transport distance Caution also: feedstock transport radius · supply chain distance · collection radius Transportation costs can significantly increase overall project costs and environmental impact if facilities are located far from biomass sources CBG TS TS Acronym also: TS · total solids percentage · dry matter content · TS content Total Solids — the concentration of solid matter in a waste or treatment system, expressed as a percentage by weight. CBG TSDF TSDF Acronym also: TSDF · TSDF meaning · Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Facility · CHWTSDF Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility — authorised facility for handling hazardous waste; e-waste plants must have linkages with TSDFs for secondary hazardous fractions. E-waste Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis TSP TSP Acronym also: triple super phosphate · triple superphosphate · TSP fertiliser Triple Super Phosphate — high-grade phosphatic fertiliser (about 46% P2O5). Wastewater benchmark in this context: 0.5 m³ per tonne (excluding acid manufacture). CBG Plastic Pyrolysis Plastic (Mech) Plastic (Chem) E-waste TSS TSS Metric also: TSS · TSS meaning · suspended solids · SS in wastewater Total Suspended Solids — measure of undissolved particles in water; effluent limit is typically 100 mg/L for inland discharge. General

Udyog Aadhaar Udyog Aadhaar Regulatory also: Udyog Aadhar · Udyam Registration · MSME registration number · Udyog Aadhaar Memorandum A government-issued registration number identifying an enterprise as a Micro, Small or Medium Enterprise under the MSME Act. General ug/m3 ug/m3 Metric also: ug/m3 · micrograms per cubic metre · ug per m3 Micrograms of pollutant per cubic metre of ambient air; the standard unit for NAAQS ambient air quality limits in India. General UL UL Regulatory also: UL · Underwriters Laboratories · UL listed · UL certification · UL mark Underwriters Laboratories — a North American product-safety certifier. UL-listed industrial machinery has been tested for electrical and fire safety per US standards. General units units Caution also: measurement units · units of measurement · reporting units The measurement is relative to the 100 units of feedstock input; actual mass or volume depends on feedstock type and processing conditions. CBG UPS UPS Acronym also: UPS · Uninterruptible Power Supply · UPS battery · backup power unit · inverter UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply — a backup power unit used in offices and data centres. Contains lead-acid or lithium batteries, copper transformers, and PCBs. E-waste Li-ion Battery USD 0.65–1.15 per GGE USD 0.65–1.15 per GGE Metric also: $0.65–$1.15/GGE · biogas production cost per GGE Production cost range in US dollars per gallon equivalent, reflecting global market variability. CBG

Vanadium Vanadium Caution also: vanadium · V · vanadium effluent Trace heavy metal (V) from steel and petrochemical industries. Effluent limit: 0.2 mg/L across most discharge modes. E-waste Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis Tyre Recycling CBG vehicle fuel and pipeline standards vehicle fuel and pipeline standards Regulatory also: fuel standards for vehicles · pipeline quality standard · CBG vehicle specification Government-mandated specifications for fuel quality and pipeline infrastructure safety and performance requirements. CBG VFA VFA Acronym also: VFA · VFAs · acids in AD context · total VFA · short chain fatty acids Volatile Fatty Acids — organic compounds produced during anaerobic digestion that indicate process imbalance when elevated. CBG VFAs VFAs Acronym also: VFAs · VFA · Volatile Fatty Acids · volatile fatty acid · acids in anaerobic digestion · short-chain fatty acids Volatile Fatty Acids — organic compounds produced during digestion that can accumulate and acidify the system if not properly balanced. CBG VFD VFD Acronym also: VFD · VSD · Variable Speed Drive · AC drive · frequency inverter Variable Frequency Drive — an electrical device that controls motor speed and torque by varying input frequency and voltage. General VFDs VFDs Acronym also: VFDs · VFD · Variable Frequency Drive · Variable Frequency Drives · Variable Speed Drive · VSDs · inverter drive Variable Frequency Drives — devices that regulate motor speed to match process needs, reducing energy consumption. General Viscose Filament Yarn Viscose Filament Yarn Technical also: VFY · viscose filament yarn · viscose filament Continuous-filament regenerated cellulose yarn used in textiles. The highest water-using textile sub-category — wastewater benchmark is 500 m³ per tonne of product. Plastic (Mech) CBG Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis E-waste Viscose Rayon Viscose Rayon Technical also: viscose rayon · rayon · regenerated cellulose fibre Regenerated cellulose textile fibre. Wastewater benchmark: 150 m³ per tonne of product. Plastic (Mech) CBG Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis E-waste Viscose Staple Fibre Viscose Staple Fibre Technical also: VSF · viscose staple fibre · viscose staple Short-length regenerated cellulose fibre for blending with cotton or wool. Wastewater benchmark: 150 m³ per tonne of product. Plastic (Mech) CBG Plastic (Chem) Plastic Pyrolysis E-waste Viscosity Viscosity Technical also: dynamic viscosity · kinematic viscosity The thickness or resistance to flow of a liquid; affects how easily the slurry can be pumped and transported. CBG Plastic (Mech) Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis VOC VOC Acronym also: VOC · VOCs · VOC emissions · organic vapours Volatile Organic Compounds — gases released from organic materials that can cause odor, air pollution, and equipment damage. Plastic (Chem) Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis VOCs VOCs Acronym also: VOCs · VOC · Volatile Organic Compounds · volatile organics Volatile Organic Compounds — organic chemicals that evaporate easily at room temperature and can contaminate biogas. General volatile fatty acids volatile fatty acids Technical also: VFA · VFAs · acids in AD context · Volatile Fatty Acids Short-chain carboxylic acids produced during anaerobic decomposition; primary contributors to odor in organic waste and manure. CBG Volatile Solids Volatile Solids Technical also: VS · organic volatile solids · combustible solids The degradable organic content in waste that can be broken down during anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. CBG voltage fluctuations voltage fluctuations Technical also: voltage fluctuation · voltage variation · power fluctuations · voltage sag Variations in supply voltage above or below nominal that can overheat motors and destroy sensitive plant electronics. General

Waste-to-Energy Waste-to-Energy Technical also: WtE · W2E · energy from waste A system that converts waste materials into usable energy, typically through processes like anaerobic digestion or combustion. General Wastewater Wastewater Technical also: wastewater · waste water · effluent water Used water from domestic, industrial or commercial activities that contains dissolved or suspended pollutants and must be treated before discharge. General Wastewater Generation Standards Wastewater Generation Standards Regulatory also: wastewater generation benchmarks · water consumption standards · wastewater norms Indicative quantity benchmarks (cubic metres of wastewater per tonne of production) that industries are expected to stay within, used to assess water efficiency. Plastic (Mech) E-waste Li-ion Battery Plastic (Chem) CBG Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 Regulatory also: Water Act · Water Act 1974 · Water Pollution Act India The principal Indian law regulating water pollution — established the Central and State Pollution Control Boards in 1974, later supplemented by the Air Act of 1981. General Water Act Water Act Regulatory also: Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 · Water Act 1974 · Water Pollution Act India The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 — the principal Indian law regulating water pollution; established CPCB and SPCBs and underlies effluent discharge consents. General Water Scrubbing Water Scrubbing Technical also: water scrubbing · water wash upgrading · pressurised water scrubbing · PWS biogas A purification process where CO₂ dissolves selectively in water under pressure, separating it from methane. CBG wear part wear part Caution also: wearing part · consumable part Components that gradually degrade during operation and require regular replacement to maintain pump performance and reliability. General WEEE WEEE Acronym also: WEEE · WEEE Directive · e-waste international term · WEEE meaning Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment — international term for end-of-life electronic devices; often used interchangeably with "e-waste". E-waste

XRF XRF Acronym also: XRF · X-Ray Fluorescence · X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy · XRF analyser · XRF scanner X-Ray Fluorescence — a sensor that identifies metal elements by their characteristic X-ray emission, used in optical sorters to grade metal fractions and detect heavy contaminants like lead. E-waste XRT XRT Acronym also: XRT · X-Ray Transmission · X-ray density sorter · dual-energy X-ray X-Ray Transmission — a sensor that measures material density via X-ray absorption, distinguishing aluminium from heavier metals or detecting wires hidden inside fragments. E-waste

Zinc Zinc Caution also: zinc · Zn · zinc effluent Heavy metal (Zn). Inland surface water limit: 5.0 mg/L; public sewers and marine coastal: 15 mg/L. Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis E-waste Li-ion Battery Plastic (Mech) ZLD ZLD Acronym also: ZLD · ZLD meaning · zero effluent discharge · ZLD system Zero Liquid Discharge — a treatment configuration that eliminates all liquid waste discharge by recovering water and concentrating solids. Often mandated for high-TDS effluent. CBG E-waste Plastic (Chem) Tyre Recycling Tyre Pyrolysis Plastic Pyrolysis

$1.9-2.0M $1.9-2.0M Metric also: USD 1.9–2.0 million · CBG plant capital cost estimate Project Cost — the total estimated investment required for this project, ranging from $1.9 million to $2.0 million. CBG $15.2B $15.2B Metric also: $15.2 billion · biogas global market size Current global CBG market valuation in 2024, representing the total market size in billions of dollars. CBG $37.6B $37.6B Metric also: $37.6 billion · biogas market forecast Forecasted CBG market size by 2032, indicating expected market expansion over the 8-year period. CBG 0.3–0.4 0.3–0.4 Metric also: VFA/alkalinity ratio 0.3–0.4 · FOS/TAC ratio The optimal ratio threshold for stable digestion; values below this indicate healthy anaerobic process performance. CBG 1% to 2% 1% to 2% Caution also: 1–2% · methane loss fraction Even small percentages of uncaptured methane represent significant environmental and economic losses due to methane's high global warming potential. CBG 1.5–15 g/kg (fresh basis) 1.5–15 g/kg (fresh basis) Metric also: nitrogen content fresh basis · digestate nitrogen range Typical nitrogen concentration range measured on fresh (wet) weight basis, not dry weight. Actual nutrient content varies with moisture content. CBG 10%–20% 10%–20% Metric also: 10–20% TS · semi-dry digestion range Target solids concentration range — the percentage of solid matter in the mixture, critical for optimal digestion performance. CBG 150–200 150–200 Metric also: 150–200 m³/tonne · biogas yield range 150–200 · crop residue gas yield Exceptionally high yield range for energy crops, representing fresh weight harvested annually CBG 15–30% 15–30% Metric also: 15–30% moisture · pellet moisture range The moisture content of composted or dried FOM, a range suitable for storage and long-distance transport without spoilage. CBG 15–35% solids 15–35% solids Metric also: 15–35% TS · dewatered digestate solids · separator solid fraction solids The solid fraction output typically contains between 15-35% dry solids by weight, indicating moisture content and nutrient concentration. CBG 200 and 250 bar 200 and 250 bar Metric also: 200 bar · 250 bar · CBG cylinder pressure · bio-CNG compression pressure Standard high-pressure range (measured in bars) at which biogas is compressed for storage in cylinders and vehicle use. CBG 200-250 bar 200-250 bar Metric also: 200–250 bar · CBG filling pressure The pressure range (in bar units) at which CNG is compressed for safe storage and distribution in vehicles. CBG 200:5:1 200:5:1 Metric also: C:N:P ratio 200:5:1 · carbon nitrogen phosphorus ratio The recommended carbon to nitrogen to phosphorus ratio for optimal microbial decomposition and nutrient cycling in composting processes. CBG 200–250 bar 200–250 bar Metric also: 200-250 bar · high-pressure CBG storage · cascade storage pressure A high pressure measurement — biomethane is compressed to this pressure for safe storage and transport in cylinders. CBG 20:1 to 30:1 20:1 to 30:1 Metric also: C:N ratio 20–30 · carbon nitrogen ratio biogas · ideal C:N range AD The optimal Carbon to Nitrogen ratio range for efficient biogas production and microbial metabolism. CBG 20:1–30:1 20:1–30:1 Metric also: 20:1 to 30:1 · C:N ratio 20–30:1 The optimal ratio range of carbon to nitrogen for anaerobic digestion; ratios outside this range can slow microbial activity or nutrient availability. CBG 20–40% 20–40% Metric also: 20–40% DM · digestate dry matter range Solid digestate typically contains 20–40% dry matter, making it significantly more concentrated than liquid digestate. CBG 250 250 Metric also: 250 bar · CBG 250 bar · modern cylinder pressure standard A substantial pressure threshold that poses notable safety concerns in industrial equipment operation. CBG 28–36 times more harmful 28–36 times more harmful Caution also: methane GWP 28 · methane GWP 34 · methane warming potential Methane's Global Warming Potential (GWP) over a 100-year period is 28–36 times greater than CO₂, making its reduction especially impactful for climate change mitigation. CBG 2–24 hours 2–24 hours Metric also: homogenisation time 2–24 hours · feedstock mixing time Time window for homogenization — the duration needed to achieve uniform consistency and begin initial organic breakdown. CBG 45–60°C 45–60°C Metric also: 45–60°C pasteurisation · pathogen kill temperature · digestate hygienisation Temperature range in anaerobic digestion that effectively kills harmful pathogens and bacteria. CBG 4–6 times annually 4–6 times annually Metric also: 4–6 annual harvests · Napier grass harvest frequency Remarkably frequent harvest cycle allowing continuous biomass production throughout the year CBG 4–8% solids 4–8% solids Metric also: 4–8% TS liquid fraction · separator liquid effluent The liquid fraction output typically contains between 4-8% solids by weight, showing how much suspended material remains after separation. CBG 5,000 CBG plants 5,000 CBG plants Metric also: 5,000 biogas plants target · SATAT 5000 plants · India CBG plant target Refers to the government's goal to establish 5,000 compressed biogas production facilities across the country. CBG 50–70% 50–70% Metric also: 50–70% moisture · solid fraction moisture content · dewatered digestate moisture The typical moisture content of the solid fraction after separation, making it stackable and easier to handle than raw digestate. CBG 6 months to 2 years 6 months to 2 years Metric also: pump stator lifespan · progressive cavity pump wear life Typical operational lifespan range for progressive cavity pump rubber stators, depending on duty conditions. CBG 6-12 months 6-12 months Metric also: 6–12 months shelf life · digestate pellet storage life Expected replacement interval for centrifugal pump wear parts under typical industrial operating conditions. CBG 6–12 months 6–12 months Metric also: 6-12 months · digestate storage period Expected storage duration for composted or pelletized material under proper conditions before degradation. CBG 80–95% 80–95% Metric also: 80–95% moisture · raw digestate water content The typical moisture content range of raw digestate, indicating high water content requiring separation or drying for practical use. CBG 8–15% 8–15% Metric also: 8–15% TS · wet AD total solids · liquid digestion feed range Standard solids concentration range for wet anaerobic digestion processes; indicates the proportion of solid matter to total volume. CBG 90% 90% Metric also: 90% methane · minimum methane content CBG · bio-CNG purity 90% The minimum methane concentration in Bio-CNG that defines it as a usable alternative fuel meeting quality standards. CBG 97%–99% 97%–99% Metric also: 97–99% CH4 · biomethane purity range · pipeline quality methane Typical methane purity target for pipeline injection; higher purity reduces equipment corrosion and meets utility standards. CBG < 15% < 15% Metric also: below 15% DM · under 15% total solids · wet digestate threshold Liquid digestate typically contains less than 15% dry matter, meaning it is mostly water. CBG >99.9% >99.9% Metric also: >99.9% CH4 · ultra-pure biomethane · research grade methane purity Greater than 99.9% purity — the strictest standard, typically required for food and beverage applications where contamination poses safety risks. CBG ~3,000 rpm ~3,000 rpm Metric also: 3000 rpm · centrifuge speed · decanter bowl speed Approximately 3,000 revolutions per minute — the rotational speed required for the homogenizer to achieve fine particle breakdown. CBG ₹3.16 crore ₹3.16 crore Metric also: ₹3.16 crore · INR 3.16 crore · small plant capital cost Indian Rupees in crores — one crore equals 10 million rupees, approximately ₹31.6 million. CBG ₹54/kg ₹54/kg Metric also: ₹54 per kg · SATAT CBG purchase price · OMC CBG rate Guaranteed purchase price of Bio-CNG at 54 Indian Rupees per kilogram, plus applicable taxes. CBG ₹96,000 ₹96,000 Metric also: ₹96,000 · INR 96000 · minor equipment cost Indian Rupees — the currency denomination used in this report. CBG